MASTER 
NEGA  TIVE 

NO.  93-81195 


MICROFILMED  1993 

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AUTHOR: 


SCOTT,  J.  WINFIELD 


TITLE: 


VIVISECTION  AND  THE 
DRUG-DELUSION 

PLACE: 

BOSTON 

DA  TE : 

[1 893] 


Restrictions  on  Use: 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 
PRESERVATION  DEPARTMENT 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC  MICROFORM  TARGET 


Original  Material  as  Filmed  -  Existing  Bibliographic  Record 


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Scott,  J     Winfiold 

Vivisection  and  the  drug- delusion,  comp.  by  J« 
V/infield  Gcott,  nocrctary;  prefatory  letter  by 
Philip  Gm   Peabody...  v/ith  an  appendix  by  Elliott  | 
Preston, ••  7th  ed..*  Boston,  national  constitu- 
tional liberty  league  ^ref •  ISQS^ 


p»  port* 


30  en  in  24  cm. 

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DATE     FILMED: 2jit^_Li3 INITIALS.   3AL- 

HLMEDBY:    RESEARCH  PUBLICATIONS,  INC  WOODBRIDGE.  CT 


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Philip  G.  Peabody,  Boston,  Mass.. 
Wi  an  Apnilii  lii  llliott  Preston,  lst|. 


SEVENTH  EDITION-PRICE  TEN  CENTS. 


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PUBLISHED  BY 

THE  MTIOML  CONSTITDTIONAL  LIBERTY  LEAGUE, 


BOSTON,  MASS. 


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FUNDS   WANTED 

For  the  publication  and  distribu-  \ 
tion  of  Constitutional  Liberty  League  \ 
Literature,   such  as  laws,  "decisions*  j 
speeches,   sayings,    articles  and  ex- 
tracts bearing  on  natural  rights.  , 

To  oppose  paternalistic,  monopo- 
listic and  meddlesome  legislation  and 
persecuting  prosecutions. 

To  defend  persons  "performing 
the  act  of  healing  contrary  to  the 
statutes,"  in  the  courts,  and  to  es- 
tablish the  unconstitutionality  and  criminality  of  laws  which  criminate 
those  who  have  committed  no  crime. 

To  employ  eminent  attorneys,  popular  speakers,  efficient    agents,  and 
provide  them  supplies  for  sale  and  gratuitous  distribution. 

To  defray  the  unavoidable  expenses  incidental  to  planting  and  operat- 
ing the  machinery  necessary  to  execute  this  educational  enterprise  in  ^ 
manner  calculated  to  enlist  the  indispensable  sympathy,  influence,  and  acj- 
tive  support  of  the  press  and  people,  and  through  them  woo  and  win  poli- 
ticians, legislators,  statesmen,  and  the  courts.  Wf  arg  right,  and  right  h 
might,  but  money  is  mighty  also.  With  both  for  us,  who  can  oppose  \ 
You  can  share  the  gratification  and  glory  of  victory  with  us. 

HOW    MUCH    WILL  YOU    CONTRIL^  j....  ^' 


IE  "WILL  OFFERING-. 


$. 


No. 


169 


In  consideration  of  the  patriotic^  ediicar 
tionaU  philanthropic  and  benevolent  enter- 
prises conducted  by  the  National  Const  1  tu- 
tional  Liberty  League,  of  Boston^  Mass.,  I 
herewith  remit  $1.00  and  cheerfully  pledge 
said  League  $11.00  more^  payable  in  equal 
monthly  instalments^  to  J.  WIJiFIELD 
SCOTT,  Sec'y,  Boston,  Mass- 

Complete   Address, 


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SEVENTH  EDITION-PRICE  TEN  CENTS. 

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BOSTON,  MASS. 


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Philip  G.  Peabody,  Boston,  Mass. 
Wi  an  AppeMii  lij  Elliott  Preston.  Esu. 


SEVENTH  EDITION-PRICE  TEN  CENTS. 


. /-v  /'N./^/^ 


PUBLISHED  BY 

TBE  NATIONAL  CONSTITDTIONAL  LIBERTY  LEAGUE, 


BOSTON i  MASS. 


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Owing  to  the  many  requests  for  the  portrait  of  Mk, 
Philip  G.  Peabody,  America's  most  influential  and 
widely-known  anti-vivisedlionist,  we  have  obtained  his 
consent  to  permit  us  to  insert,  at  considerable  expense,  an 
artistic  photogravure  frontispiece  in  this  seventh  (ten 
thousand)  edition.     The  price  remains  ten  cents  per  copy. 


; 


A   TERRIBLE,    BECAUSE   TRUTHFUL,    IN- 
DICTMENT. 


OFFICE  OF  Philip  G.  Peabody, 
Attorney  and  Counsellor-at-Law. 
Boston,  Mass.,  Dec.  1, 1892. 
Mr.  J.  WiNFiELD  Scott, 

Boston,  Mass. 

Dear  Sir:— I  have  read  with  much  interest  your  arraignment 
of  the  doctors  in  "The  Drug  Delusion,"  but  you  have  omitted 
the  greatest  maintainable  indictment  against  them.  It  is  none 
the  less  a  reproach  that  all  do  not  actually  commit  the  crime, 
for  they  aid  and  encourage  it,  and  it  is  only  possible  because  of 
their  defence  of  it. 

I  refer  to  one  of  the  most  cowardly  and  hypocritical  crimes  of 
the  present  age,  and  a  delusion  as  well  as  a  crime  —  the  practice 
of  vivisection.  Vivisection  is  the  cutting  up,  burning  and  mis- 
cellaneous torturing  of  live  animals.  We  are  told  by  some  doc- 
tors that  this  terrible  practice  has  been  the  means  of  discovering 
various  important  facts,  and  that  without  it  we  should  now  be 
ignorant  of  many  things  that  are  of  great  value  to  the  healing 
a°t.  Unfortunately  for  the  doctors,  there  are  many  of  us  who 
know  something  about  vivisection,  and  we  know  that  the  claims 
so  frequently  set  forth  in  behalf  of  vivisection  are  absolutely  and 
unqualifiedly  false. 

Most  persons  who  know  a  little  of  it  (and  only  few  know  even 
a  little)  think  that  it  is  a  very  uncommon  thing,  confined  in 
practice  to  a  few  leading  men  of  science;  but  in  fact,  animals  of 
a  high  order  that  have  been  and  are  being  vivisected  are  num- 
bered by  millions.  To  illustrate:  Inside  of  ten  years  Schiff,  a 
noted  man  in  this  kind  of  business,  vivisected  fourteen  thousand 
(14,000)  dogs.  It  is  estimated  that  he  vivisected  inside  of  this 
same  brief  time  seventy  thousand  (70,000)  animals  of  various 
kinds;  and  since  then  he  was  regularly  torturing  ten  dogs  each 
week.  To  prove  one  thing,  over  nine  thousand  (9000)  dogs  were 
vivisected,  and  the  result  was  then  in  doubt. 

A  well-known  veterinary  surgeon  named  Murdock,  in  a  work 
published  by  him,  gives  an  account  of  a  visit  to  a  laboratory  in 
France,  as  follows  : 

•'  Here  lay  six  or  seven  living  horses,  fixed  by  every  mechanical  device  by 
the  head  and  feet  to  pillars,  while  the  students  were  engaged  in  performing 
dififerent  operations.  The  sight  was  truly  horrible !  The  operations  had  be- 
gun early  In  the  forenoon,  it  now  being  three  o'clock.  .  .  .  The  poor 
wretches  had  ceased  being  able  to  make  any  violent  struggles,  but  the  deep 
heaving  of  the  panting  chest,  and  the  horrid  look  of  the  eyes,  when  such 
were  yet  left  in  the  head,  the  head  itself  being  lashed  to  a  pillar,  was  har- 
rowing beyond  endurance. 

"The  students  had  begun  their  day's  work  in  the  least  vital  parts  of  the 
animals.  The  trunks  were  there,  but  they  had  lost  their  tails,  hoofs,  ears, 
etc  •  and  the  operators  were  now  engaged  in  the  more  important  operations, 
such  as  tying  the  arteries,  trepanning  the  cranium,  cutting  down  upon  the 


sensitive  parts  —  as  we  are  informed,  on  expressing  out  horror  —  that  they 
might  see  the  retraction  of  the  muscles  by  piuching  and  irritating  the  vari* 
ous  nerves. 

"One  animal  had  a  side  of  the  head,  including  the  eye  and  ear,  completely 
dissected,  and  otlier  students  were  laying  open  and  cauterizing  the  liock  of 
the  same  animal." 

Mr.  Rogers  adds  to  this : 

"  The  number  of  horses  operated  on  is  six,  twice  a  week ;  sixty-four  oper- 
ations are  performed  on  each  horse,  and  four  or  five  generally  die  before  half 
the  operations  are  completed;  and,  as  it  takes  two  days  to  go  through  the 
list,  the  remaining  one  or  two  poor  animals  are  left  alive,  half-mangled, 
until  the  next  morning,  only  to  be  subjected  to  additional  tortures. 

"  Among  the  operations  which  I  remember,  were  firing  in  every  part 
where  it  could  or  could  not  be  required ;  operation  for  removing  the  lateral 
cartilages,  which  involves  tearing  off  the  quarters  of  the  hoof  with  pincers; 
operation  for  stone,  in  which  a  stone  is  put  into  the  bladder  and  afterwards 
removed;  operations  for  hernia,  nicking,  removal  of  the  ears,  eyes,  etc. 

"  The  effect  of  all  this  on  the  minds  of  the  students  may  be  inferred  from 
the  sang  frold  of  a  student  who  was  firing  a  horse's  nose,  as  he  said,  for  pas- 
time. 

"  A  little  bay  mare,  worn  out  in  the  service  of  man,  one  of  eight,  on  a  cer- 
tain operation  day,  having  unfortunately  retained  life  throughout  the  fiend- 
ish ordeal,  and  looking  like  nothing  ever  made  by  the  liand  of  God  —  with 
loins  ripped  open,  skin  torn  and  ploughed  by  red-hot  irons,  riddled  by  se- 
tons,  tendons  severed,  hoofless,  sightless,  and  defenceless,  was  exultingly 
reared  (Baron  Von  Weber  says, '  amid  laughter  ')  on  her  bleeding  feet  Just 
when  gasping  for  breath  and  dying,  to  show  what  dexterity  had  done  in 
completing  its  work  before  death  took  place." 

Is  it  surprising  that  the  late  Henry  Bergh  considered  that  this 
unfitted  "  the  physician  for  the  intimate  and  tender  relations 
of  friend  and  adviser,"  and  made  him  "hence  more  to  be 
dreaded  than  disease  itself  ?  " 

Anaesthetics  are  practically  never  used;  many  animals,  other 
than  man,  cannot  be  anaesthetized;  dogs,  especially,  will  usually 
die  of  the  anaesthetic.  Many  vivisections  are  performed  solely 
for  the  sake  of  causing  pain;  many  last  for  weeks,  some  for  six 
or  seven  months;  of  course  anaesthetics  are  never  used  in  any  of 
these.  A  great  English  physician  (Dr.  Hoggan)  once  said, 
"Anaesthetics  are  the  greatest  of  curses  to  vivisectible  animals," 
in  consequence  of  the  delusions  indulged  in  about  them  by 
humane  persons. 

Vivisection  is  a  cowardly,  unmanly  crime.  It  has  never  yet 
given  to  the  world  any  discovery  of  value;  it  never  can,  in  mil- 
lions of  years,  give  to  the  world  any  discovery  of  a  value  at  all 
commensurate  with  the  harm  it  has  done.  This  harm  is  not  alone 
the  torturing  of  animals,  awful  as  that  is;  it  is  the  making 
wicked  and  vicious  the  thousands  of  men,  especially  young  men, 
who  practice  it,  and  to  whom  we  must,  in  the  presence  of  illness 
and  death,  look  for  aid  and  sympathy;  also  the  turning  aside  of 
the  minds  from  the  legitimate  direction  of  research  —  directions 
in  which  they  might  possibly  find  something  of  real  value. 

With  best  wishes  for  the  success  of  your  cause,  1  am, 


Faithfully  j'ours, 


A  WORD  TO  THE  PUBLIC. 


Profoundly  impressed,  after  years  of  searching  inves- 
tigation, with  the  terrible  truth  that  drugs  have  not 
only  ''multiplied  diseases  but  increased  their  fatality;' 
and  killed  more  '' than  war,  pestilence  a7id  famine  com- 
binedr  we  feel  forced  to  "  cry  aloud  and  spare  not." 

What  we  conceive  to  be  duty  to  the  dear  dead,  and  to 
living  loved  ones,  irresistibly  impels  us  to  undertake 
this  sacrificial  service,  albeit  we  are  proud  to  number 
among  our  fast  friends  many  most  excellent,  but  in  our 
opinion  misguided  ladies  and  gentlemen,  who  "  prac- 
tice medicine,"  though  most  of  them,  we  are  equally 
pleased  to  declare,  do  not  prescribe  poisons. 

The  authorities  and  quotations  given  are  not  excep- 
tional, but  fairly  representative  of  the  conscientious 
convictions  of  the  best  brains.  The  cases  cited  are  also 
quite  common.  Most  every  reader  will  recall  similar 
ones  within  his  own  experience. 

We  have  not  attempted  exhaustive  quotations,  be- 
cause to  do  so  would  require  volumes. 

But  we   trust   we  have   selected  from  the   illimitable 
and    accumulating    mass    of     unquestionable    authority 
sufficient  evidence  to  establish  the  unscientific  status  of 
this  pseudo  science ;   and,  may  we  not  hope,  awakened 
thousands  to  the  monstrosity  of  the  medical  superstition 
and    inspired  in    each  an    tmalterable  determination  to 
devote  time  and  talent  to  the  abolition  of  the  dreadful 
drug  delusion. 

Indeed,  the  demand  for  the  seventh — -10,000—  edi- 
tion, indicates  that  ours  has  not  been  "love's  labor 
lost."  J.  w.  S. 

Boston,  Mass,,  New  Year,  1893, 


WIT. 


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•♦  Trust  not  the  physician ; 
His  antidotes  are  poison,  and  he 
slays  more  than  you  rob." 
— Shakespeare— ''Timon  of  Athens. 

"Physicians,  of  all  men,  are  most 
happy.  Whatever  good  success  so- 
ever they  have  the  world  proclaim- 
eth;and  what  faults  they  commit 
the  earth  covereth. 

Francis  Quarles. 

«' A  physician  of  the  schools!  I 
can  guess  well  enough  how  learn- 
edly he  would  prate  and  how  little 
he  could  do." 

—Edward  Butwer  Lytton—''  A 
Strange  Story. ''^ 

"But  when  the  wit  began  to  wheeze, 
And  wine  had  warmed  the  politi- 
cian, 
Cured  yesterday  of  my  disease, 
I  died  last  night  of  my  physician." 

—Mathew  Prior. 


"So  lived    our    sires    ere    doctors 

learned  to  kill, 
And   multiplied 

weekly  bill. 

—John  Dry  den. 


with    theirs    the 


"See  our  physician,  like  a  sculler 

plies, 
The  patient  lingers  and  by  inches 

dies ' 
But  two  physicians  like  a  pair  of 

oars,  ^     _,^ 

Waft  him  more  swiftly  to  the  Sty- 
gian shores. 

—John  Dunscomo. 

"You  tell  your  doctor  that  you're 

ill; 
And  what  does  he  but  write  a  bill, 
Of  which  you  cannot  read  one  let- 

tcr  * 
The  worse  the  scrawl,  the  dose  the 

bottCT  * 
For  if  you  knew  but  what  you  take. 
Even  if  you  recover,  he  must  break." 

—Mathew  Prior. 

••Recognized  science!  Recognized 
Ignorance !  The  science  of  to-day  is 
the  ignorance  of  to-morrow  I  Every 
year  some  bold  guess  lights  upon  a 
truth  to  which  but  the  year  before 
the  schoolmen  of  science  were  as 
blinded  moles." 

—Edward  Bulwer  Lyttoii—*'A 
Strange  Story." 


WISDOM. 


"In    vain    shalt    thou    use    many    medicines." — [Jer. 

xlvi.,   II. 

*'  Thou  hast  no  healing  medicines." — [Jer.  xxx.,  13. 
'*Ye  are  all  physicians  of  no  value." — [Job  xiii.,  4. 
**  Why  shouldst  thou   die   before  thy  time?" — [Eccl. 

vii.,  17. 

**  Asa  was  diseased  in  his  feet,  until  his  disease  was 
exceeding  great;  yet  in  his  disease  he  sought  not  to  the 
Lord,  but  to  the  physicians.  And  Asa  slept  with  his 
fathers." — [II.  Chron.  xvi.,  12,  13. 

A  woman  "  suffered  many  things  of  many  physicians, 
and  had  spent  all  she  had,  and  was  nothing  bettered,  but 
rather  grew  worse." — [Mark  v.,  26, 


\* 


\ 


THE  SCIENCE  (?)  OF  MEDICINE. 

"But  what  should  we  think  of  the  colleges  and  the  profession  when  its 
most  distinguished  members  turn  state's  evidence  and  denounce  it  in  the 
severest  manner?  What  has  been  commonly  said  against  the  Liberal  schools 
inmedicineismildaslemon  juice  compared  to  the  acyua/oriis  of  the  criti- 
cisms on  their  own  art  in  its  highest  rank."—  Prof.  Joseph  Rodes  Buchanan, 

J.WM.  •  JJ 9 


Query  Number  One. 

Is  medicine  a  science? 

Let  medical  savants,  authorities  and  professors  answer. 
Surely  those  who  have  grown  gray  in  experience  and 
untiring  devotion  thereto  may  be  trusted  to  gently  but 
justly  criticise  and  fairly  commend  where  they  can. 

Hear  them,,  patiently,  *if  you  can. 

John  Mason  Good,  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  says: 
"  The  science  of  medicine  is  a  barbarous  jargon.'* 

Prof.  Valentine  Mott,  the  great  surgeon,  says : 
"  Of  all  sciences,  medicine  is  the  most  uncertain.*' 

Dr.  Marshall  Hall,  F.  R.  S.,  says: 

"  Thousands  are  annually  slaughtered  in  the  quiet  sick  room." 

Prof.  S.  M.  Goss,  of  the  Medical  College,  Louisville, 
Ky.,  says: 

"  Of  the  essence  of  disease  very  little  is  known.    Indeed,  noth- 
ing at  all." 

Sir  Astley  Cooper,  the  famous  English  surgeon,  says : 

"  The  science  of  medicine  is  founded  on  conjecture,  and  im- 
proved by  murder.*' 

Dr.  Hufeland,  a  great  German  physician,  says : 

"  That  the  greatest  mortality  of  any  of  the  professions  is  that 
of  the  doctor's  themselves." 

Prof.  H.  C.  Wood,  our  distinguished  American  writer, 
asks : 

**  What  has  clinical  therapeutics  established  permanently  and 
indisputably?    Scarcely  anything." 


Dr.  Abercrombie,  Fellow  of  the  Royal  College  of 
Physicians,  of  Edinburgh,  says : 

"  Medicine  has  been  called  by  philosophers  the  art  of  conjec- 
turing, the  science  of  guessing." 

Dr.  Benj.  Rush  says: 

"  The  art  of  healing  is  like  an  unroofed  temple  — uncovered  at 
the  top  and  cracked  at  the  foundation." 

Dr.  Talmage,  F.  R.  C,  says: 

"  I  fearlessly  assert  that  in  most  cases  our  patients  would  be 
safer  without  a  physician  than  with  one." 

Sir  William  Knighton  says: 

"  Medicine  seems  one  of  those  ill-fated  arts  whose  improve- 
ment bears  no  proportion  to  its  antiquity. " 

Dr.  Abernethy,  of  London,  says  : 

'*  There  has  been  a  great  increase  of  medical  men  of  late,  but 
upon  my  life,  diseases  have  increased  in  proportion." 

Dr.  Wakely,  in  the  London  Lancet,  says : 

"  A  system  of  routine  or  empirical  practice  has  grown  up, 
vacilliating,  uncertain,  and  often  pilotless,  in  the  treatment  of 
disease." 

Prof.  Henle,  the  great  German  pathologist  and 
teacher,  says : 

"  Medical  Science,  at  all  times,  has  been  a  medley  of  empiri- 
cally acquired  facts  and  theoretical  observations,  and  so  it  is 
likely  to  remain." 

Dr.  Jacob  Bigelow,  formerly  president  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Medical  Society,  says : 

"  The  premature  death  of  medical  men  brings  with  it  the 
humiliating  conclusion  .  .  .  that  medicine  is  still  an  inef- 
fectual speculation." 

Dr.  Samuel  S.  Wallian,  of  New  York,  says : 

"  The  medical  art  has  not  reached  that  stage  of  exactness  en- 
titling it  to  be  called  medical  science;  it  still  lingers  on  the  verge 
of  its  mythological  age." 

Prof.  Alonzo  Clark,  of  the  New  York  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  says: 

"  In  their  zeal  to  do  good,  physicians  have  done  much  harm. 
They  have  hurried  thousands  to  the  grave  who  would  have  re- 
covered if  left  to  nature." 


\\s 


Dr.  Evans,  Fellow  of  the  Royal  College,  London,  says : 

"  The  popular  medical  system  is  a  most  uncertain  and  unsatis- 
factory system.  It  has  neither  philosophy  nor  common  sense  to 
commend  it  to  confidence." 

Dr.  Marshall  Hall,  the  distinguished  English  physiol- 
ogist, says : 

"  Let  us  no  longer  wonder  at  the  lamentable  want  of  success 
which  marks  our  practice,  when  there  is  scarcely  a  sound  physi- 
ological principle  among  us." 

Prof.  Gregory,  of  the  Edinburgh  Medical  College,  to 

his  medical  class  said : 

"  Gentlemen,  ninety-nine  out  of  every  one  hundred  medical 
facts  are  medical  lies,  and  medical  doctrines  are,  for  the  most 
part,  stark,  staring  nonsense." 

Dr.  Eliphalet  Kimball,  of  New  Hampshire,  says: 

"  There  is  a  doctorcraft  as  well  as  priestcraft.  .  .  .  Phy- 
sicians have  slain  more  than  war.  The  public  would  be  infin- 
itely better  off  without  professed  physicians." 

Dr.  Mason  Good  says : 

"  My  experience  with  materia  medica  has  proved  it  the  base- 
less fabric  of  a  dream,  its  theory  pernicious,  and  the  way  out  of 
it  the  only  interesting  passage  it  contains." 

Dr.  Coggswell,  Boston,  says : 

'"  It  is  my  firm  belief  that  the  prevailing  mode  of  practice  is 
productive  of  vastly  more  evil  than  good,  and  were  it  absolutely 
abolished,  mankind  would  be  infinitely  the  gainer." 

Prof.  B.  F.  Parker,  New  York,  says : 

"  Instead  of  investigating  for  themselves,  medical  men  copy 
the  errors  of  their  predecessors,  and  have  thus  retarded  the 
progress  of  medical  science  and  perpetuated  error." 

Prof.  Jamison,  of  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  says: 

**  Kine  times  out  of  ten  our  miscalled  remedies  are  absolutely 
injurious  to  our  patients,  suffering  from  diseases  of  whose  real 
character  and  real  cause  we  are  most  culpably  ignorant.'* 

Sir  John  Forbes,  Fellow  of  the  Royal  College  of  Phy- 
sicians, London,  and  physician  to  the  Queen's  house- 
hold, says : 

"  No  systematic  or  theoretical  classification  of  diseases  Or 
therapeutic  agents  ever  yet  promulgated  is  true,  or  anything  like 
truth,  and  none  can  be  adopted  as  a  safe  guidance  in  practice." 


8 


Dr.  Andrew  Combe  says : 

"  As  often  practiced  by  men  of  undoubted  respectability,  med- 
icine is  .  .  so  nearly  allied  to,  if  not  identified  with,' quack- 
ery, that  it  would  puzzle  many  a  rational  looker-on  to  tell  which 
is  the  one  and  which  is  the  other." 

Dr.  Alex.  M.  Ross,  F.  R.  S.  L.,  Eng.,  says: 

"  The  medical  practice  of  to-day  has  no  more  foundation  in 
science,  in  philosophy,  or  common-sense,  than  it  had  one  hund- 
red years  ago.  It  is  based  on  conjecture  and  improvLd  by  sad 
blunders,  often  hidden  by  death." 

Prof.  Magendie,  of  Paris,  says  : 

"  Oh!  you  tell  me  doctors  cure  people.  I  grant  you  people  are 
cured.  But  how  are  they  cured?  Gentlemen,  nature  does  a 
j;reatdeal;  imagination  does  a  great  deal.  Doctors  do  .  .  . 
devilish  little    .     .     .     when  they  don't  do  harm." 

Dr.  James  Johnson,  a  highly  educated  physician,  asks  : 

*'  Shall  we  ever  have  fixed  laws?  Shall  we  ever  know,  or  must 
we  ever  be  doomed  to  suspect  or  presume?  Is  *  perhaps  '  to  be 
our  qualifying  word  forever?  Do  we  know,  for  example,  in  how 
many  cases  such  a  treatment  fails  for  the  one  time  it  succeeds?" 

Dr.  R.  C.  Flower,  the  phenomenal  Boston  physician, 
says : 

"  Medicine  is  not  a  science.  The  best  that  can  be  said  of  med- 
icine is  that  it  is  a  system  of  experiments;  no  doctor  of  any 
standing  will  say  it  is  a  science.  .  .  .  The  best  brains  of  the 
allopathic  school  declare  that  medicine  is  only  an  experiment." 

Sir  William  Hamilton  says: 

"The  history  of  medicine,  on  the  one  hand,  is  nothing  less 
than  a  history  of  variations,  and  on  the  other  only  a  still  more 
marvellous  history  of  how  every  successive  variation  has  by 
medical  bodies  been  furiously  denounced,  and  then  bigotedly 
adopted." 

Bichat,  the  great  French  pathologist,  says: 

"  Medicine  is  an  incoherent  assemblage  of  incoherent  ideas, 
and  is,  perhaps,  of  all  the  physiological  sciences,  that  which  best 
shows  the  caprice  of  the  human  mind.  It  is  a  shapeless  assem- 
blage of  iiiaccurate  ideas,  of  observations  often  puerile,  and  of 
formulae  as  fantastically  conceived  as  they  are  tediously  ar- 
ranged." 

Dr.    Gihon,    medical   director  of  the  United     States 

Navy,  and  president  of  the  Naval  Academy,  says: 

"That  of  one  thousand  one  hundred  and  forty-two  practising 


^ 


graduates  of  regular  medical  colleges,  seven  hundred  were  too 
ignorant  to  pass  the  naval  examining  board.  Many  of  these  have 
doubtless  learned  something  of  the  art  they  began  to  practice  in 
the  dark,  yet  most  most  of  them  have  learned  to  see  as  the  blind 
see,  and  at  what  a  fearful  cost  of  human  life!" 

Dr.  Thomas  Inman,  London,  says : 

"Men,  like  horses  or  tigers,  monkeys  and  codfish,  can  do  with- 
out doctors.  .  .  It  is  the  business  of  such  men,  however,  to 
magnify  their  office  to  the  utmost.  They  get  their  money  osten- 
sibly by  curing  the  sick,  but  it  is  clear  that  the  shorter  the  illness, 
the  fev/er  will  be  the  fees,  and  the  more  protracted  the  attendance, 
the  larsrer  must  be  the  ^honorarism.*  " 

Dr.  Benj.  Rush,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  says: 

"I  am  incessantly  led  to  make  apology  for  the  instability  of  the 
theories  and  practice  of  physic.  Dissections  daily  convince  us 
of  our  ignorance  of  disease,  and  cause  us  to  blush  at  our  pre- 
scriptions. What  mischief  have  we  not  done  under  the  belief  of 
false  facts  and  false  theories?  We  have  assisted  in  multiplying 
diseases;  we  have  done  more,  we   have  increased  their  fatality." 

Dr.  Ramage,  F.  R.  C.  S.,  London,  says: 

"It  cannot  be  denied  that  the  present  system  of  medicine  is  a 
burning  reproach  to  its  professors — if,  indeed,  a  series  of  vague 
and  uncertain  incongruities  deserves  to  be  called  by  that  name. 
How  rarely  do  our  medicines  do  good!  How  often  do  they  make 
our  patients  really  worse!  I  fearlessly  assert  that  in  most  cases 
the  suff^erer  would  be  safer  without  a  physician  than  with  one.  I 
have  seen  enough  of  the  mal-practice  of  my  professional  breth- 
ren to  warrant  the  strong  language  I  employ." 

Prof.  J.  Rodes  Buchanan,  M.  D.,  of  Boston,  medical 

editor  and  author,  says: 

"Of  all  known  sciences  none  have  been  more  unstable,  con- 
fused and  contradictory  in  doctrines  than  practical  medicine. 
Not  only  is  it  changing  from  age  to  age,  and  even  from  year  to 
year,  but  on  the  very  same  day,  if  we  pass  from  nation  to  nation, 
from  city  to  city,  or  from  one  medical  school  to  another  located 
in  a  neighborirg  street,  we  find  the  most  contradictory  doctrines 
taught  with  dogmatic  confidence  at  the  same  hour,  and  the  vo- 
taries of  each  expressing  no  little  contempt  for  the  others." 

Prof.  Magendie,  the  great  Parisian  physician,  is  re- 
ported to  have  addressed  the  students  of  his  class  in  the 
allopathic  college  in  that  city,  in  the  following  language  : 

^^Oenthmen:  Medicine  is  a  great  humbug.  I  know  it  is  called 
a  science — science  indeed!  It  is  nothing  like  science.  Doctors 
are  mere  empirics  when  they  are  not  charlatans.    We  are  as  ig- 


lO 

norant  as  men  can  be.  Who  knows  anything  in  the  world  about 
medicine?  Gentlemen,  you  have  done  me  the  honor  to  come  here 
and  attend  my  lectures,  and  I  must  tell  you  frankly  now  in  the  be- 
ginning, that  I  know  nothing  in  the  world  about  medicine,  and  I 
don't  know  anybody  that  does  know  anything  about  it.  I  repeat 
it,  nobody  knows  anything  about  medicine.  .  .  I  repeat  it  to 
you,  there  is  no  such  thing  as  medical  science.'' 

An  eminent  doctor  and  professor,  of  the  city  of  New 
York,  writes : 

''The  critic  who  will  take  pains  to  examine  the  standard  works 
of  the  most  popular  authors  on  theory  and  practice, — Good,  Wat- 
son, Thatcher,  Eberle,  Eliiotson,  Dunglison,  Dickson,  and  others, 
who  have  written  recently — will  find  on  almost  every  page  the 
most  contradictory  theories  supported  by  equal  authority,  and 
the  most  opposite  practices  recommended  on  equal  testimony. 
Well  might  the  celebrated  Dr.  Rush,  of  Philadelphia,  after  a 
life-long  experience  in  witnessing  the  effects  of  drugs  upon  the 
human  constitution,  declare  to  his  medical  brethren,  'We  have 
done  little  more  than  to  multiply  diseases  and  increase  their  fa- 
tality.'" 

To  deny  or  even  doubt  the  deliberately  expressed  and 
unquestionably  conscientious  convictions  of  these  hon- 
ored professors  and  physicians,  confesses  our  claim,  dis- 
putes the  highest  medical  authority  of  both  continents, 
and  declares  the  incompetency  of  all  their  pupils  and 
disciples,  whose  more  limited  education,  observation  and 
experience  make  them  so  egotistical,  bigoted  and  intol- 
erant. 

MODERN   DELUSIONS. 

The  past  fifteen  years  have  been  rife  in  medical  delusions;  each 
in  its  turn  for  the  time  being  has  served  to  addle  the  brains  of 
the  "profession,"  injure  the  health  and  deplete  the  pockets  of 
credulous  dupes.  During  the  period  mentioned  we  have  had  the 
''purging  craze,"  the  "sweating  craze,"  the  "  vomiting  craze," 
the  "blue  grass  craze,"  the  "  Pasteur  craze,"  the  Brown  Sequard 
*'  Elixir  of  Life  craze,"  the  "  Inhalation  craze,"  the  "  Cod  Liver 
Oil  craze,"  and  last,  but  not  least,  the  "  Koch  Tuberculosis 
craze."     0  temporal  0  morest  what  fools  we  are. 

— Alexander  M.  BosSj  M.  D.,  F.  B.  S.  X.,  Eng. 


DIAGNOSIS— HAZARDOUS  GUESSING. 


Query  Number  Two. 

Unerring  diagnosis  is  indispensable  to  safe  and  satis- 
factory drugging.  Correct  diagnosis  is  the  one  and  only 
key  to  present  conditions  and  possible  complications. 
Without  it  "  every  dose  of  medicine  is  a  blind  experi- 
ment on  the  vitality  of  the  patient.'.'  Admitting  for  the 
moment  the  preposterous  pretense  that  ponderous  pills 
and  poisons  heal  or  help  to  heal,  even  then  remedial 
benefits  depend  upon  accurate  diagnosis.  Patients  are 
drugged  according  to  the  diagnosis  —  or  guess  of 
the  physician.  An  erroneous  diagnosis  is  invariably 
followed  by  the  wrong  drug,  inevitable  damage  and  too 
often  death. 

Then  how  vitally  important  that  professional  diagno- 
sis or  guessing  be  scientifically  accurate,  when  poisonous 
prescriptions  and  deadly  drugs  are  daily  employed  ! 

Is  there  any  dependence  whatever  to  be  placed  in 
professional  diagnosis?     Let  the  following  facts  answer: 

Dr.  Holt,  of  Boston,  speaking  of  the  notorious  Rob- 
inson arsenical  poisoning  cases,  says: 

"These  cases  were  all  treated  by  physicians  of  large  practice, 
prominent  in  the  profession,  and  3^et  certificates  were  given  in 
five  of  the  cases  as  follows:  Pneumonia,  typhoid  fever,  menin- 
gitis, bowel  disease,  and  Bright's  disease  of  the  kidneys." 

The  Chicago  Tribune  reports  at  length  a  clever  escape 
from  Detroit  jail,  as  follows  : 

"Henry  Moyer,  alias  Charles  Miller,  was  put  in  jail  in  Detroit 
for  burorfary.  Two  weeks  ago  he  was  apparently  taken  very  sick 
and  grew  rapidly  worse.  Yesterday  he  was  very  low,  and  a  con- 
sultation of  doctors  agreed  that  he  had  a  cancer  in  the  stomach, 
and  recommended  that  he  be  removed  to  the  witness  room, 
where  he  could  be  better  cared  for Moyer,  break- 
ing off  a  part  of  the  bedstead,  dug  his  way  through  the  two- 
foot  wall.' 


12 

The  New  York  Times,  quoting  the  Ledger,  says: 
"  A  well-known  physician  of  this  city,  finding  himself  rather 
'out  of  sorts" (kremined  to  consult  some  of  his  medical  breth- 
ren on  thlsibjecMor  few  physicians  "^e  to  trust  themselves 
He  accordin-ly  called  upon  five  eminent  members  of  the  faculty 

S?uccession/and  it  is'a  positive  ^f«'/''f hifd  soXind  ^ 
<nvp  a  diEEerent  opinion  as  to  the  nature  of  his  disoidei,  ana  re 
lommended  a  different  mode  of  treatment    It  is  his  own  oehef 
that  they  were  all  wrong."  ,  ,    .^     ,,  / 

Dr.  E.  B.  Foote,  of  New  York,  in  his  Health  Monthly, 

'^'^rcase  of  drunkenness,  ending  in  bilious  ""^^l^.  "e«t«f,,f 
nanic  amonc  the  physicians  of  the  Memphis  Board  of  Health, 
^ho  mistook  it  fo?  a  case  of  yellow  fever,  and  in  coi^cquence 
thpv  hid  to  bear  the  jibes  of  the  joking  local  press.  About  the 
anL  time  the  eminent  scientist,  I'rof.  ^^-:^^^:f-^^^^^^Z 
\row  Vnrk  with  severe  symptoms  of  a  malarial  attacK,  compii 
catfd  bv  ch7oni^.Sey  disiase,  and  the  yellow  fever  panic  led 
Ihi  eminent  'regulars'  attending  the  patient  to  commit  tlie  same 
error  in  diagnolis,  much  to  the  discomfiture  and  danger  of  the 
patient." 

Prof.  Proctor  died  in  consequence. 
The  Medical   Visitor   concludes  an  amusing   colloquy 
between  a  scientific   sprig  and   a  suffering    patient    as 

^'' But  'doctor,"  moaned  the  distressed  lady,  *'are  you  sure  you 

""""^^^.^i:^.  l^^^  quickly  retui^ed  the  doctor, 
blendin-  his  piety  with  an  air  of  lofty  amusement  at  her  doubts, 
-  why^^^^^^^^  day  before  yesterday  I  had  a  young  man  with  exact- 
ly thl'saml  tro^uble,  and  yesterclay  I  had  two  such  cases  It  s  a 
sort  of  epidemic  around  here.    Oh,  I  know  all  about  it,  1  assuie 

Shortly  after  he  learned  that  the  lady  had  been  de- 
livered of  a  fine,  healthy  boy  a  few  minutes  after  his 
departure,  his  hated  rival  having  been  called  in  I  !  1 

.  The  New  York   World  says : 

^'Carolina  Soulier,  a  kitchen  girl,  employed  at  Korfolk  died 
from  the  effects  of  an  operation.  She  had  not  beenj.^11,  and 
Drs  Kellev  and  Hanson,  of  the  Asylum  Corps,  decided  that 
^e  was  a^cted  with  an  ovarian  tumor,  and  that  an  operation 
was  necessary  to  save  her  life.  On  the  second  d^y  thereafter 
she  -ave  birth  to  a  child,  and-on  the  third  she  (hed.  She  was 
buried  and  nothing  was'said  about  the  matter  George  Oliver, 
a  colored  cook  at  the  hospital,  was  discharged  recently,  and  be 


13 

told  such  stories  of  the  girl's  death  that  the  coroner  exhumed 
the  body  and  held  an  inquest." 

An  acquaintance,  married  immediately  after  graduat- 
ting  from  a  '^regular"  Philadelphia  Medical  College,  and 
shortly  began  treating  his  beloved  bride  for  dropsy, 
which,  despite  his  utmost  scientific  endeavors,  grew 
worse  and  worse  until — until  the  miraculous  and  unex- 
pected advent  of  their  first  born. 

A  medical  correspondent  writing  from  Portland,  Ore- 
gon, says: 

A  re<^ular  physician  undertook  to  remove  a  tumor  from  a  lady, 
and  af t^er  haggling  and  cutting  for  a  while  discovered  that  it  was 
a  livin<^  child.  The  woman  had  previously  told  him  she  was 
pre^mant,  but  he  said  he  knew  better,  it  was  a  fibrine  tumor,  and 
he  fnsisted  on  removing  it.  As  he  is  one  of  the  shining  lights 
of  the  profession  here,  and  quite  a  celebrated  gynecologist^  they 
supposed  he  ought  to  know;  her  friends  finally  persuaded  her  to 

let  him  operate. 

After  he  saw  he  had  made  a  mistake  he  told  the  woman  s  hus- 
band that  she  could  live  but  a  few  hours.  But  she  did  live  and 
sued  him  for  $10,000  and  got  a  judgment  for  $5,000. 

The  Northwest,  speaking  of  this  very  case,  says : 
''The  jury  in  the  case  of  Langford  m.  Dr.  Henry  E.  Jones, 
gave  plaintiff  a  verdict  for  $5000.    Many  thought  the  evidence 
iustificd  a  much  larger  verdict,  and  some  have  intimated  that  it 
should  have  been  $12,000  to  $15,000.     If  the  testimony  was  as 
has  been  reported,  the  woman  should  have  had  a  larger  verdict, 
as  it  could  not  be  otherwise  than  a  shameful  case  of  malpractice. 
There  have  been  two  instances  in  Portland  of  regular  graduated 
quacks  having  treated  a  live  foetus  as  a  tumor,  destroying  the 
child  and  hopelessly  ruining  the  mother.    An  old  lady  in  Port- 
land, mother  of  an   ex-mavor  of  Salem,  is  compelled  to  hobble 
around  all  the  rest  of  her  life  a  cripple,  owing  to  the  malpractice 
of  a  crmduated  quack.     One  of  the  most  prominent  and  influen- 
tial me 2  in  Portland,  a  few  years  ago,  had  his  hip  fractured  in 
Albina,  and  was  attended  by  another  of  these  graduates,  who 
consulted  with  others  of  his  brothers,  and  that  man  was  left  a 
cripple  for  life  on  account  of 'unfortunate  blunders,'  as  they  may 
be  pleased  to  term  it.     A  mm  treated  a  short  time  since  m  one 
of  our  hospitals  was  so  badly   maltreated  by  graduated  quacks 
that  he  is  a  cripple  for  life.     These  are  but  a  few  of  the  instances 
of  malpractice  in  surgery;  while  if  the  voices  from  the  graves  m 
Lone  Fur  and  Iliver  View  be  heard,  there  would  arise  a  wail  of 
those  who  have  been  sent  to  the  other  side  by  the  scientific 
knowledge  of  materia  medica,  administered  by  quacks  with  dip- 


14 

lomas  from  medical  colleges.  Names  can  be  furnished  if  de- 
sired. These  instances  are  not  given  for  the  purpose  of  advocat- 
in<r  a  want  of  scientific  knowledge  in  the  profession,  but  to  prove 
that  doctors  are  born  and  not  made.  Verily,  there  are  many 
quacks  with  diplomas," 

How  many  *'  thousands  are  (thus)  annually  slaughter- 
ed in  the  quiet  sick  room,"  as  confessed  by  Dr.  Marshall 
Hall,  F.  R.  S.,  only  He  who  numbers  the  hairs  of  our 

heads  knows.  j     r      j 

That  many  murdered  victims  are  interred  under  fraud- 
ulent burial  certificates,  and  numerous  facts  suppressed 
for  the  exceptional  one  which  "will  out,"  is  certain. 
The  National  Liberator,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  says: 
"Everybody  has  heard  how  a  Springfield,  111.,  tough  escaped 
fromiail  and  proper  punishment  by  the  small-pox  ruse,  tie 
had  applied  Croton  oil  and  alarmed  the  prison  ^^eper  and  city 
Dhvsician,  who  sent  for  the  then  and  now  head  of  the  111.  btate 
Ssoard  of  Health,  J.  H.  Ranch,  M.  D.,of  Chicago  to  make  a 
'sure  pop,'  scientific  diagnosis.  This  great  scientific  doctor, 
stickler  for  medical  monopoly  and  persecutor  of  prominent  un- 
professional  (advertising)  physicians  like  Drs.  McCoy  and  Wat- 
erman,  of  Chicago,  pronounced  it  a  genuine  case  of  small-pox, 
and  the  criminal  was  hustled  off  to  the  pest  house,  from  which 
he  hastily  hied  himself,  for  he  was  as  hearty  as  the  deceived  doc- 
tors. 

The  Boston  Globe  editorially  says : 

"DOUBTFUL    DOCTORING. 
"A  man  in  perfect  health— indeed,  a  perfect  athlete  in  his 
physical  make-up-told  the  same  story  and  described  the  same 
non-existing  symptoms  to  each  of  ten  wfll  known  physicians. 
Result:     Ten  different  diagnosis,  and  ten  different  prescriptions, 

^'Obviously,  at  least  nine  of  these  learned  gentlemen  must  have 
been  mistaken.  Probablv  all  were.  Certainly  not  one  had  the 
skill  to  discover  that  nothing  ailed  the  athletic  reporter. 

"So  we  have  the  comforting  assurance  that  the  doctors,  nine 
times  out  of  ten,  doctor  their  patients  for  the  wrong  complaint. 

Leading  papers  of  Cincinnati,  Chicago,  and  other 
cities  have  tried  like  experiments  with  similar  results  in 
every  instance. 

The  Chicago  Tribune,  under  the  head  of  ''The  McAl- 
isterville  Hallucination,''  says: 

"At  the  time  the  doctors  were  making  their  learned  diagnosis 
»nd  su^c'esting  various  methods  of  treatment,  the  Tribune  rec- 


15 

ommended  the  vigorous  application  of  birch,  and  was  taken  to 
task  by  some  of  its  contemporaries  and  by  numerous  correspond- 
ents for  its  cruelty  and  hard-heartedness.  The  ridiculous  de- 
nouement shows  the  Tribune  was  right  in  its  diagnosis  and 
prescription." 

Here  again  a  non-professional  diagnosis,  even  at 
long  range,  was  more  reliable  than  that  of  the  self-con- 
stituted "regular"  and  self-styled  "scientific  doctors." 

"  The  alleged  disease  appeared  to  be  contagious,  and  finally 
spread  so  rapidly  that  it  was  made  the  subject  of  official  investi- 
gation. Not  only  the  physician  of  the  institution,  but  the  wis- 
est and  most  experienced  physicians  of  the  State,  as  well  as  nu- 
merous insanity  experts,  visited  the  school  and  diagnosed  the 
cases.  They  did  not  all  agree  (doctors  never  do),  but  they  pre- 
sented long  and  learned  reports  dealing  in  metaphysical  abstrac- 
tion, cumbered  up  with  words  of  literary  gorgeousness,  and  dis- 
cussing the  relations  between  mind  and  body  with  a  degree  of 
abstruseness  that  was  simply  despair  to  the  lay  reader.  The  in- 
vestigation was  taken  up  next  by  the  Legislature,  and  has  gone 
so  far  that  it  now  is  gravely  proposed  to  abolish  the  school  alto- 
gether and  scatter  the  inmates  among  other  institutions,  though 
many  of  the  State's  Solons  have  opposed  the  proposition  upon 
the  ground  that  it  might  tend  to  scatter  instead  of  extirpating 
the  dif^ease,  and  that  the  diffusion  of  the  germs  might  produce 
it  again  wherever  they  were  sent,  and  thus  spread  it  all  over  the 

State. 

"Pending  the  quarrels  of  the  doctors,  each  with  the  other,  and 
any  official  decision  on  the  part  of  the  State  officials,  the  disease 
suddenly  disappeared,  and  the,  twenty  or  thirty  alleged  victims 
of  hallucination  or  hysteria  unanimously  appeared  clothed  in 
their  right  minds  and  in  perfectly  normal  conditions.  The  in- 
spector of  the  school  thereupon  proceeded  to  examine  the  boys 
themselves,  and  was  astounded  at  the  discovery  that  they  had 
been  shamming  insanity  for  no  other  reason  than  to  have  some 
fun  and  save  tl^e  necessity  of  going  after  their  meals.  One  of 
their  number  tried  it  first  and  succeeded  so  well  that  twenty  or 
thirty  more  thought  it  would  be  a  lark  to  play  crazy.  How 
well  they  succeeded  is  shown  by  the  perplexity  they  have  caused 
in  the  medical  profession,  and  the  hubbub  they  have  kicked  up 
in  the  Legislature." 

It  is  significant  that  it  required  a  non-professional 
inspector  to  discover  the  imposition. 

The  N.  Y.  Herald  says  : 

"A  girl  of  20,  on  the  New  York  WorWs  staff  of  reporters, 
Nellie  Blv,  feigned  insanity.  Three  physicians  —  the  city's  in- 
sanity experts  — pronounced  her  insane,  and  had  her  committed 


i6 

to  Blackwell's  Island  Asylum.  The  police,  the  court,  the  nurses 
and  physicians  at  the  famous  Bellevue  Hospital  were  all  suc- 
cessfully duped  by  a  mere  girl,  totally  uninformed  as  to  the 
peculiarities  of  demented  persons. 

*'  Careless  management,  trifling  physicians  whose  conduct  with 
female  attendants  was  suggestive  of  immorality,  coarse,  brutal 
and  profane  nurses,  the  half-fed  and  not  decently  clothed  in- 
mates, subjected  to  cruel  taunts  and  more  cruel  punishment,  all 
these  characterize  the  Kew  York  City  Asylum  for  the  insane. 
Were  the  pitiable  unfortunates  the  most  abandoned  criminals, 
their  treatment  could  not  be  worse  than  in  instances  that  came 
under  Nellie  Bly's  observation. 

''■  But  the  feature  of  Kellie  Bly's  revelation  which  is  most  strik- 
ing is  the  fact  that  men  and  women  are  admitted  to  insane  in- 
stilutious  who  are  mentallv  as  sound  as  the  pretentious  medical 
experts  who  write  out  their  commitments.  Here  was  a  young 
woman  of  unusual  mental  gifts  pronounced  demented.  From 
the  hour  she  entered  the  asylum  she  asserted  her  sanity,  and  de- 
manded an  examnatlion  from  the  physicians  in  charge.  Her  as- 
sertions and  demands  were  met  with  cool  indifference.  The 
questions  put  to  her  were  in  a  cold,  unsympathetic,  contemptu- 
ous manner,  and  she  was  held,  as  a  matter  of  course,  no  oppor- 
tunity being  allowed  to  free  her  mental  soundness.  And  this 
same  girl  avers  that  others  are  held  in  the  insane  wards,  and 
gives  their  names,  who  are  every  whit  as  sane  as  herself.  No 
doubt  there  are  many  like  cases  in  the  asylums  of  other  States." 

MEDICAL  PRACTICE. 


"  No  other  department  of  erudition  remains  er.shrouded  in  such  mystery 
ns  is  confessed  tlirougli  medical  literature  to  exist  in  that  of  medical  sci- 
ence. .  .  .  The  present  plan  of  medical  practice  is  based  on  the  imagin- 
ary principle  called  active  medical  property.  .  .  .  There  is  no  'active 
medical  principle.'  Such  doctrine  is  based  on  the  erroneous  interpretation 
of  appearances,  and  nearest  of  kin  to  that  delusion  which  presaged  the  doc- 
trine that  the  sun  revolved  around  the  earth."-  W.  It.  Jjunham,  M.  D.,  m 
Higher  Medical  Culture" 

Query  Number  Three. 
Medicine  means  something  that  heals  or  cures,  and 
practice  means  to  try  repeatedly,  hence  medical  prac- 
tice is  literal  curative  experiments,  occasionally  with 
medicines,  but  generally  with  poisons.  The  gifted 
young  lady  practices  music  until  she  becomes  proficient, 
then  sh^  perforins.  Medical  men  are  rarely  gifted,  sel- 
dom become  proficient  and  never  perform  cures.  In- 
deed, it  is  most  singular  and  significant  that  they  do  not 
claim  to  perform  cures,  but  only  to  "practice  medi- 
cine." 


1 


17 

Physicians  prescribe  many  hundreds  of  poisons.  Now 
poisons  generally  make  well  people  sick.  Do  they  also 
make  sick  people  well?  We  doubt  it,  and  here  are  a 
few  of  our  reasons  : 

Prof.  St.  John,  M.  D.,  says: 
*'  All  medicines  are  poisons.'* 

Dr.  Baillie,  of  England,  says: 
*'  I  have  no  faith  whatever  in  medicine.'* 

Prof.  Alonzo  Clark,  of  the  New  York  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  says: 

'*  Every  dose  of  medicine  diminishes  the  patient's  vitality." 

Prof.  C.  A.  Oilman,  New  York  Medical  College,  says: 
**  Four  grains  of  calomel  will  sometimes  kill  an  adult." 

Prof.  Alonzo  Clark,  M.  D.,  New  York  Medical  Col- 
lege, says: 

'*  From  thirty  to  sixty  grains  of  calomel  have  been  given  very 
young  children  for  croup." 

Prof.  Davis  says: 

"  Four  hundred  and  eighty  grains  of  calomel  have  been  given 
at  a  single  dose  of  cholera." 

Prof.  Parker,  of  New  York,  says : 

"  Hygiene  is  of  far  more  value  in  the  treatment  of  disease 
than  drugs." 

Bostwick^s  History  of  Medicine  says: 

"  Every  dose  of  medicine  is  a  blind  experiment  on  the  vitality 
of  the  patient." 

Prof.    Chas.    D.    Meigs,    Jefferson    Medical    College, 

Philadelphia,  says : 

"  All  our  cogitations  respecting  the  modus  operandi  of  medi- 
cines are  purely  empirical." 

Sir  John  Forbes,  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  physician  to  Queen 

Victoria,  says: 

"  Some  patients  get  well  with  the  aid  of  medicines,  some  with- 
out it,  and  still  more  in  spite  of  it." 

Prof.  Barker,  New  York  Medical  College,  says : 

"  The  drugs  which  are  administered  for  scarlet  fever  kill  far 
more  patients  than  that  disease  does," 


i8 

Prof.  E.  R.  Peaslee,  M.  D.,  of  the  New  York  Medical 

College,  says: 

*'  The  administration  of  powerful  medicine  is  the  most  fruitful 
cause  of  derangement  of  the  digestion." 

Prof.  Horace  Green,  of  New  York  Medical  College, 

says : 

"  The  medical  confidence  you  have  in  medicine  will  be  dissi- 
pated by  experience  in  treatmg  disease." 

Prof.  E.  H.  Davis,  of  the  New  York  Medical  College, 

says : 

*'  The  '  vital  effects '  of  medicine  are  very  little  understood. 
It  is  a  term  employed  to  cover  ignorance." 

Prof.  Clark,  N.  Y.,  says: 

"  All  our  curative  agents  are  poisons,  and,  as  a  consequence, 
every  dose  diminishes  the  patient's  vitality." 

Prof.  Joseph  M.  Smith,  M.  D.,  New  York  College  of 

Physicians  and  Surgeons,  says: 

'*  All  medicines  which  enter  the  circulation  poison  the  blood 
in  the  same  manner  as  do  the  poisons  that  produce  disease." 

Dr.  Lugol,  of  Paris,  says: 

"  We  are  following  an  erroneous  course  in  our  investigations, 
and  must  resort  to  new  modes  if  we  would  be  more  successful. 

Dr.  Eliphalet  Kimball,  of  New  Hampshire,  says: 
*'  As  instruments  of  death  in  physicians'  hands,  calomel,  bleed- 
ing and  other  medicines  have  done  more  than  powder  and  ball. 

Prof.  A.  H.  Stevens,  M.  D.,  New  York  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  says: 

"  The  older  physicians  grow  the  more  skeptical  they  become 
of  the  virtues  of  medicine,  and  the  more  they  are  disposed  to 
trust  to  the  powers  of  nature." 

Prof.  J.  W.  Carson  says: 

"  We  do  not  know  whether  our  patients  recover  because  we 
give  medicine,  or  because  nature  cures  them.  Perhaps  bread 
pills  would  cure  as  many  as  medicine." 

Sir  John  Forbes,  says: 

"  With  the  exception  of  a  very  few,  and  these  comparatively 
insignificant  diseases,  the  medical  art  does  not  possess  the  power 
of  curing  disease  in  a  direct  and  positive  manner." 


19 

John  Mason  Good,  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  says: 

"The  effects  of  medicine  on  the  human  system  are,  in  the 
highest  degree,  uncertain,  except,  indeed,  that  they  have  de- 
stoyed  more  lives  than  war,  pestilence  and  famine  combined." 

The  poet,  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  declared: 

"Mankind  had  been  drugged  to  death,  and  the  world  would  be 
better  off  if  the  contents  of  every  apothecary  shop  were  emptied 
into  the  sea,  though  the  consequences  to  the  fishes  would  be 
lamentable." 

Dr.  Eliphalet  Kimball  says : 

"It  is  shocking  to  think  how  many  soldiers  in  the  late  war  were 
killed,  or  their  constitutions  ruined,  by  army  doctors.  The  irra- 
tional use  of  medicine  by  physicians  sweeps  off  the  people  as  fast 
as  war  could." 

Dr.  Mcintosh,  of  Edinburgh,  says: 

"No  better  evidence  can  be  offered  of  ignorance  of  the  profes- 
sion generally  as  to  the  nature  and  seat  of  any  disease,  than  the 
number  and  variety  of  remedies  that  have  been  confidently  rec- 
ommended for  its  cure." 

Prof.  Parker,  of  New  York,  says : 

"It  must  be  confessed  that  the  administration  of  remedies  is 
conducted  more  in  an  empirical  than  in  a  rational  manner.  As 
we  place  more  confidence  in  nature,  and  less  in  the  preparations 
of  the  apothecary,  mortality  diminishes." 

Dr.  Trail  says : 

"What  dp  persons  who  call  themselves  reasonable  do  in  the 
midst  of  a  hundred  doctors,  with  a  hundred  different  medicines, 
each  affirming  that  his  own  is  good  and  that  all  the  rest  are  bad  ? 
Do  they  reject  them  all  ?    Ko;  they  swallow  them  all." 

Dr.  James  Johnson,  F.  R.  S.,  editor  of  the  Chirurgical 
Review y  says : 

"I  declare,  as  my  conscientious  convictions,  founded  on  long 
experience  and  reflection,  that  if  there  was  not  a  single  physician, 
surgeon,  man-midwife,  chemist,  apothecary,  druggist  nor  drug 
on  the  face  of  the  earth,  there  would  be  less  sickness  and  less 
mortality  than  now  prevails." 

Dr.  R.  Noyes  says : 

"A  drug  or  substance  can  never  be  called  a  healer  of  disease; 
there  is  no  reason,  justice  or  necessity  for  the  use  of  drugs  in 
diseases.  I  believe  that  this  profession,  this  art,  this  misnamed 
knowledge  of  medicine,  is  none  other  than  a  practice  of  funda> 


20 


mentally  fallacious  principles,  impotent  of  good,  morally  wrong 
and  bodily  hurtful.'^ 

Dr.  Samuel  S.  Wallian,  of  New  York,  says: 
^'Beyond  the  supply  of  direct  or  indirect  nutrition,  human  skill 
is  powerless  to  add  a  single  nerve-throb  or  heart-beat  to  the  vital 
stock  of  any  organism.  .  .  .  There  is  no  substance  in  the 
universe,  call  it  what  you  will,-medicine,  mystery  o/;^™^?]^^^^^^^^^^ 
-which  can  be  made  to  add  a  single  moment  to  the  life,  or  a 
sinc-le  jot  or  tittle  to  the  strength,  of  any  organized  being. 
Dr.    Broady,  ot  Chicago,    in  his   '*  Medical   Practice 

Without  Poison,"  says: 

"The  sincrle,  uncombined,  different  and  confessed  poisons  in 
dailv  use  by  the  dominant  school  of  medicine  numbers  one  hund- 
red knd  seven.  Among  these  are  phosphorus,  strychnine  mer- 
curv,  opium  and  arsenic.  The  various  combinations  ot  these  tive 
violent  poisons  number,  respectively,  twenty-seven  combinations 
of  phosphorus,  five  of  strychnia,  forty-seven  of  lae^cury,  twenty- 
five  of  opium  and  fourteen  of  arsenic.  Ihe  poisons  that  are 
more  or  less  often  used  number  many  hundreds." 
Dr.  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  says: 

'*The  disgrace  of  medicine  has  been  that  collossal  system  of 
self-deception,  in  obedience  to  which  mines  have  been  emptiecl 
of  their  cankerin-  minerals,  the  entrails  of  animals   taxed  for 
their  impurities,  the  poison  bags  of  reptiles  drained  of  their  ven- 
om, and  all  the  inconceivable  abominations  thus  obtained  thrust 
down  the  throats  of  human  beings  sutfering  Irom  some  fault  of 
organization,  nourishment,  or  vital  stimulation. 
°The  distinguished  Magendie,  of  Paris,  say§ : 
*'I  hesitate  not  to  declare,  no  matter  how  sorely  I  shall  wound 
our  vanity,  that  so  gross  is  our  ignorance  of  the  real  nature  ol 
ihe  physiological  disorders,  called  disease,  that  it  would  perhaps 
be  better  to  do  nothing  and  resign  the  complamt  we  ar6  called 
upon  to  treat  to  the  resources  of  nature  than  to  act,  as  we  are 
frequenllv  called  upon  to  do,  without  knowing  the  why  and  the 
wherefore  of  our  conduct,  and  its  obvious  risK  ot  hastening  the 
end  of  the  patient.     Let  me  tell  you,  gentlemen,  what  I  did  when 
I  was  the  head  physician  at  Hotel  Dieu.    Some  three  or  four 
thousand  patients  passed  through  my  hands  every  year.     I   di- 
vided  the  patients  into  two  classes:  with  one  I  followed  the  dis- 
pensatory; and  gave  them  the  usual  medicines  without  the  least 
idea  why  or  whereof;  to  the  other  I  gave  bread  pills  and  colored 
water,  without,  of  course,  letting  them  know  anything  about  it 
and  occasionally,  gentlemen,  I  would  create  a  third  division 
to  whom  I  gave  nothing  whatever.    These  last  would  fret  a  good 
deal  they  would  feel  they  were  neglected  (sick  people  always  feel 


21 


they  are  neglected  unless  they  are  well  drugged)  .  .  .  (les 
irnheciles!)  and  they  would  irritate  themselves  until  they  got  really 
sick,  but  nature  invariably  came  to  the  rescue,  and  all  the  persons 
in  the  third  class  got  well.  Tliere  was  a  little  mortality  among 
those  who  received  but  bread  pills  and  colored  water,  and  the 
mortality  was  greatest  among  those  who  were  carefully  drugged 
according  to  dispensatory." 


HOPE. 


Query  Nunnber  Four. 

If,  as  the  preceding  pages  appear  to  conclusively 
prove,  medicine  is  not  a  science,  professional  diagnosis 
is  very  poor  guessing  and  poisons  are  not  medicine,  then 
where  shall  the 

DISCOURAGED,   DESPAIRING    AND   DYING 

flee  for  relief?     Just  where  the  greatest  teacher  of  the 

greatest  and  oldest  allopathic  college  in  America,  Prof. 

13enj.   Rush,  sent  his  medical  students  for  their  **  most 

useful  remdies,"  of  course.     He  says : 

"Remember  how  many  of  our  most  useful  remedies  have  been 
discovered  by  quacks.  Do  not  be  afraid,  therefore,  of  convers- 
ing with  them  and  of  profiting  by  their  ignorance  and  temerity. 
Medicine  has  its  pharisees  as  well  as  religion.  But  the  spirit  of 
this  sect  is  as  unfriendly  to  the  advancement  of  medicine  as  it  is 
to  Christian  charity.  In  the  pursuit  of  medical  knowledge  let  me 
advise  you  to  converse  with  nurses  and  old  women.  They  will 
often  suggest  facts  in  the  history  and  cure  of  disease  which  have 
escaped  the  most  sagacious  observers  of  nature.  By  so  doing 
you  may  discover  laws  of  the  animal  economy  which  have  no 
place  in  our  system  of  nosology,  or  in  our  theories  of  physic. 
The  practice  of  physic  hath  been  more  improved  by  the  casual 
experiments  of  Illiterate  nations  and  the  rash  ones  ot  vagabond 
quacks,  than  by  all  the  once  celebrated  professors  of  it  and  the 
theoretic  teachers  in  the  several  schools  of  Europe,  very  few  of 
whom  have  furnished  us  with  one  new  medicine,  or  have  taught 
us  better  to  use  our  old  ones,  or  have  in  any  one  instance  at  all 
improved  the  art  of  curing  diseases." 

Dr.  D.  H.  Tuke  quotes  Burton's  pithy  observation: 

"That  an  empiric  or  a  silly  chirurgeon  does  more  strange  cures 
than  a  rational  physician,  and  says  Nymannas  gives  the  reason, 
because  the  patient  puts  his  confidence  in  him,  which  Avicenna 
prefers  before  art,  precepts,  and  all  remedies  whatever.      'Tis 


22 

opinion  alone,'  says  Cardin,  Hhat  makes  or  mars  physicians,  and 
he  doth  the  hest  cures,  according  to  Hippocrates,  in  whom  we 
trust.'" 

Dr.  A.  O'Leary,  Jefferson  Medical  College,  of  Phila- 
delphia, says : 

"The  best  things  in  the  healing  art  have  been  done  by  those 
who  never  had  a  diploma— the  lirst  Csesarian  section,  lithotomy, 
the  use  of  cinchona,  of  ether  as  an  anaesihetic,  the  treatment  cf 
the  air  passages  by  inhalation,  the  water  cure  and  medicated 
baths,  electricity  as  a  healing  agent,  and  magnetism,  faith  cure, 
mind  cure,  etc." 

Prof.  Waterhouse,  writing  to  the  learned  Dr.  Mitchell, 
of  New  York,  says : 

"I  am,  indeed,  so  disgusted  with  learned  quackery  that  I  take 
some  interest  in  honest,  humane, and  strong-minded  empiricism; 
for  it  has  done  more  for  our  art,  in  all  ages  and  all  countries, 
than  all  the  universities  since  the  time  of  Charlemagne." 

Dr.  Adam  Smith  says : 

"After  denouncing  Paracelsus  as  a  quack,  the  regular  medical 
profession  stole  his  *quack-silver'— mercury ;  after  calling  Jenner 
an  imposter  it  adopted  his  discovery  of  vaccinatioL ;  after  dub- 
bing Harvey  a  humbug  it  was  forced  to  swallow  his  theory  of  the 
circulation  of  the  blood." 

Prof.  J.  Rodes  Buchanan,  Boston,  says: 

^'Mozart,  Hoffman,  Ole  Bull,  and  Blind  Tom  were  born  with  a 
mastery  of  music,  as  Zerah  Colburn  with  a  mastery  of  mathe- 
matics, as  others  are  born  with  a  mastery  of  the  mystery  of  life 
and  disease,  like  Greatrakes, Newton,  Hutton,  Sweet,  and  Steph- 
ens, born  doctors,  and  a  score  of  similar  renown." 

Prof.  Charles  W.  Emerson,  M.  D.,    the    well    known 

president  of  the  Munroe    Conservatory  of  Oratory,    of 

Boston,  says: 

"The  progress  in  therapeutics  has  and  still  continue^?  to  come 
from  the  unlearned.  Common  people  give  us  our  improvements 
and  the  school  men  spend  their  time  in  giving  Greek  and  Latin 
names  to  these  improvements,  and  building  metaphysical  theories 
concerning  thein." 


SHALL  VIVISECTION  END? 


What  Col.  Iiersol 


''  The  Hell  of  Science ." 


"One  Story   is    Good   till   Another   is    Told." 

"To  Be,  or  Not  to  Be?  That's  the  Question!" 

What  Is  It,  Really  ?~- What  Has  It  Done  to 
Ameliorate  Human  Ills? 


% 


*^THE  REVERSE  OF  THE  MEDAL." 

Note -Vivisection  is  the  dissecting  of  living  animals  andcenerallv  ^T>ar 
ticularly  mthecase  of  horses,  dogs,  cats,  rabbits,  guin4tpig?e^^^^ 
maTs' agony!*'''''  ""^  <^ncBsthetics §t suhst^nces  whilh  mSKsIen'the  aS^^ 

I  was  amazed  at  reading  a  recent  lengthy  article  on  this  sub- 
ject in  a  prominent  American  newspaper,— amazed  at  its  mosc 
extraordinary  misapprehension  of  well-attested  facts,  and  at  its 
unqualified  laudation  of  a  practice  regarding  the  utility  of  which 
Its  most  eminent  professors  have  little  to  commend,  echoing 
the  sentiment  of  the  greatest  among  them,  the  dying  Claudl 
Bernard,  who  said  he  passed  away  with  empty  hands  Majen- 
die,  too,  '^The  Prince  of  Torturers,"  declined  to  be  attended. 
When  111,  by  a  practitioner  who  had  drawn  his  conclusions  from  a 
science  so  prolific  in  errors  as  Vivisection. 

A  ?.^,^"/'-^^?u"^°^P^^^*^^"^'^^^  medical  profession  stands  in- 
dubitablyinthevan.  For  a  man  without  the  magic  *'MD  " 
tacked  to  his  name  to  pry  into  "Bluebeard's  Chamber"— which 
Baron  Yon  Weber  has  well  termed  *'The  Torture  Chamber  of 
bcience,  is,  in  their  eyes,  sacrilege.  Hence  it  is  that  the  lav 
public  knows  httle  or  nothing  of  Vivisection,  the  king  of  all  cru- 
elties,—a  form  of  torture  as  compared  to  which  the  ordinarv 
beating,  starving  and  abusing  of  animals  by  brutal  teamsters  and 
others  is  as  "  the  relative  0." 

I  am  no  hot-headed  enthusiast,  no  proclaimer  of  sensational 
alarms;  but  for  twenty  years-years  full  of  painstaking  and 
careful  investigation-I  have  dealt  with  this  terrible  subilct  in 
all  its  revolting  phases,  and  today  I  do  not  hesitate  to  aver  that 
Vivisection  IS  not  only  the  wickedest  (because  most  cruel)  of  all 
alleged  paths  to  knowledge,  but  that,  so  far  from  advancing  the 
sciences  either  of  therapeutics  or  of  surgery,  it  has  led  to  a  mul- 


24 


titude  of  false  deductions,  entangled  is  f'^^o'^^^f '"/"  '^^L 
tricable  web  of  contradictions,  and  blocked  the  true  road  to 
knowledgVby  a  conglomeration  of  isolated  and  abstract  facts  m 
the  dornfn  di  physiologv- confusing,  misleading  and  frequently 
contrad  c  ory.    Had  tlfis  false  path  been,  twenty-five  years  ago 
ne^emptoriv  closed  by  the  voiie  of  outraged  humanity,  as  well 
Lof^ommon  sense,  who  shall  .ay  what  really  great  d.scoyenes 
micrht  ere  this  have  been  sjiven  to  the  world.'' 
''"Sever  has  science  been  made  more  truly  ridiculous  than  by 
the  extravagant  claims  of  physiologists  during  the  past  decade  1 
"O,  mighty  Csesar,  art  thou,  then,  so  low?" 

The  nertinent  question  now  seems  to  be:  "How  long  will  a 
too-conSg  public  submit  to  be  gulled  by  such  specious  claims, 
—claims  utterly  discredited  by  facts:"'     .    ,  .     ^  _  „.. 

NotT,  for  instance,  Pasteur's  Hydrophobia  Cure  so  recently 
on  the  op  of  the  wave,  and  to-day  generally  laughed  at,  derided, 
even  by  the  medical  fraternity.  Pasteur  himself  indirectly  ad- 
mits in  figures  given  a  »ecent  interviewer,  that  a  larger  perccnt- 
^cJe  of  patients  have  died,  after  being  submitted  to  his  inocula- 
tfons,  than  are  lost  where  no  treatment  whatever  «  resoHed 
to  f).  It  would  seem  that  this  fact  alone,  coming  as  it  does 
from  Pasteur  himself,  might  strike  the  scales  from  the  eyes  "f 
credulity,  and  show  this  alleged  "discovery"  to  be,  what  it  really 
is,  ''a  delusion  and  a  snare/' 

Says  Dr.  Edward  Berdoe: 

"Rnt  if  Pasteur's  system  has  proved  itself  so  valuable,  whete  are  we  to 

l^SJn!^N»e?eTof  t^^^^^^^^        li^d  I'^^^s  d^S the  reason  why 
the  scheme  for  a  Pasteur  Institute  for  London  hangs  fire." 

And  SO  I  might  quote  from  eminent  authorities,  ad  libitum,  if 

Vi^vi^section  can  be  logically  opposed  on  three  leading  grounds: 
(1)  Its  unparalleled  cruelty;  (2)  its  uselessness;  (3) /ts  demor- 
alizing effect  upon  its  devotees  and  upon  humanity  at  large. 
First, "regarding  its  cruelty.  .  .  , 

Says  a  brilUant  and  thoroughly  conscientious  writer  on  the 

subject: 

«  French  and  Italian  physiologists  outrival  ^^f,;)  «*J^^,Vna\ufaVa^^^^^^^^ 

Sr£lf?o|/n^ftr  ^7}S  fo^srLV\orca}^e?u7^^^^^^^^  ^laT  ^^a^e 
them,  when  they  shall  demand  it." 


25 


I  quote  again — this  time  from  the  admirable  preface  by  Philip 
G.  Peabody,  Esq.,  to  his  very  large  reprint  of  the  English 
pamphlet,  "Vivisection  in  America." 

"  Liberty  iu  Vivisection,  physiologists  themselves,  in  Germany,  France, 
and  Italy,  say,  has  produced  abuses.  '  In  America,'  says  Dr.  Leffiiigwell,  •  it 
has  led  to  the  repetition,  for  demonstration,  of  Majendie's  extreme  barbari- 
ties—barbarities which  have  been  condemned  by  every  leading  physiologist 
oi  England,  in  which  country  a  careful  study  of  mortality  statistics  shows 
that  in  no  case  has  vivisection  lessened  the  fatality  of  a  single  disease  be- 
yond what  it  was  thirty-five  years  ago.'  "  ( !; 

The  preceding  quotation  would  seem  to  sufficiently  accentuate 
both  the  cruelty  and  uselessness  of  Vivisection,  although,  if  my 
readers'  nerves  could  bear  the  terrible  strain,  I  could  fill  column 
upon  column  of  this  publication  with  the  vivisectors'  accounts  of 
their  own  experiments, — experiments  so  atrocious  in  their  in- 
fliction of  suffering,  that,  were  but  the  one-hundredth  part 
known,  such  a  storm  of  public  indignation  would  be  aroused  as 
would  be  unparalleled  in  the  history  of  the  world.  Remember, 
I  am  not  speaking  as  a  sentimentalist;  and  here  let  me  quote  the 
language  of  no  less  a  personage  than  Dr.  Blackwood,  the  emi- 
nent Philadelphia  physician.  In  a  letter,  a  copy  of  which  is  now 
before  me, — a  letter  addressed  to  a  friend  of  the  writer  of  this 
article  and  intended  for  publication — he  (Dr.  Blackwood)  says: 

"Absolutely  useless  as  it  [Vivisection]  has  been  abundantly  proved  to  be 
to  all  thinking  and  reasoning  minds,  it  needs  but  the  careful  investigation 
of  the  medical  profession,  at  large,  to  bring  its  members  to  the  conclusion 
reached  by  the  few  who  have  given  this  important  matter  the  consideration 
it  deserves,  .  .  .  will  be  the  means  of  starting  public  investigation,  and, 
if  it  does  this,  the  time  will  soon  come  when  vivisectors  will  be  relegated  to 
the  category  of  professional  criminals,  who  deserve  the  heavy  hand  of  the 
law  to  be  laid  on  -and  laid  on  the  more  because  they  should,  from  the  pre- 
tensions they  make,  be  the  protectors,  instead  of  the  atrocious  torturers,  of 
animals  who  have  not  the  power  to  protect  themselves. 

Dr.  Edward  Berdoe,  of  England,  member  of  the  Royal  College 

of    Surgeons  of  England,  Licentiate  of  the  Royal  College  of 

Edinburgh,  member  of  the  British  Medical  Association,  etc., 

etc.,  thus  writes: 

"It  [Vivisection]  strikes  a  blow  at  our  common  humanity,  and,  if  tolerated 
Dy  society,  will  iuevitably  be  fatal  to  its  higliest  intefests." 

The  great  value  of  Dr.  Berdoe's  opinion  on  this  subject,  I  pre- 
sume even  physiologists  will  not  dare  question,  as  Dr.  Berdoe 
stands  among  the  foremost  of  his  profession  in  England;  this 
latter  fact  could  in  no  better  way  be  attested  tban  by  the  impu- 
nity with  which  he  can  assail  that  pet  "hobby,"  Vivisection,  so 
dear  to  the  heart  and  vanity  of  ''the  rank  and  file"  of  the  medical 
profession.  The  truth  is,  he  is  too  powerful  to  be  safely  trifled 
with,  for  his  pen  can  be,  on  occasion,  as  caustic  and  trenchant 
as  his  intellect  is  brilliant  and  far-reaching. 

Could  I  be  spared  the  space,  I  could  quote  aiiti-vivisectional 
sentiments  from  dozens  of  the  most  brilliant  ornaments  to  the 
professions  they  represent.  Among  others,  now  before  me,  I 
observe  the  following  names,  all  condemning  the  practice  of 


26 

Vivisection:  The  late  Henry  Bergh,  Esq.,  Mme.  Adelina  Patti, 
Mr.  William  Lloyd  Garrison,  Kev.  Phillips  Brooks,  U.b.  Sena- 
tor Dawes  of  Massachusetts,  Signor  Tommaso  Salvini,  U.S.  Sen- 
ator Blair  of  New  Hampshire;  U.  S.  Senator  Chandler  of  New 
Hampshire,  Rev.  Dr.  Morgan  Dix,  U.  S.  Senator  Do Iph  of 
Ore^^on,  Rev.  Dr.  C.  A.  Bartol,  Miss  Frances  Power  Cobbe  ot 
England,  ^'Ouida,"  Baron  Ernst  von  Weber  of  Germany,  Knight 
of  the  Royal  Order  of  Saxony,  etc.,  Miss  Fanny  Davenport,  and 
Col.  R.  G.  Ingersoll. 

The  medical  fraternity  would  fain  frighten  ofi  the  lay  public 
from  the  investigation  of  the  morality  or  immorality  of  Vivisec- 
tion; but  just  here  I  and  all  honest  and  earnest  men  and  wo- 
men must  and  will  "  call  a  halt." 

I  assert  (and  I  am  sure  the  truth  of  my  assertion  will  appeal 
to  the  common  sense  of  my  readers)  that  it  is  not  necessary  to 
be  a  member  of  the  medical  profession  in  order  to  form  a  correct 
iudc^ment  of  the  value  or  uselessness  of  Vivisection.  It  is  neces- 
sary that  all  which  can  be  said  on  both  sides  should  be  read  and 
digested;  but  that  it  is  in  any  sense  necessary  to  be  a  practical 
physiolocrist,  or  even  a  member  of  the  medical  profession,  in 
order  to°form  an  intelligent  judgment  in  the  premises,  is  too 
preposterous  to  require  a  lengthened  refutation  here.  Please  re- 
member that  the  records  of  these  millions  of  Vivisections  are 
accessible  to  every  careful  and  painstaking  student  of  the  sub- 
ject—records made,  mainly,  by  the  vivisectors  themselves. 
When  we  find,  as  is  the  case,  that  one  set  of  experiments  is  re- 
corded, only  to  be  utterly  discredited  by  the  next  experimenter 
(he  arriving,  in  most  cases,  at  almost  diametrically  opposite  con- 
clusions),—when  we  find  the  greatest  among  the  vivisectors 
utterly  skeptical  as  to  the  value  of  the  results  arrived  at  by  their 
confreres  (often  acknowledging  at  the  end,  as  did  the  dying 
Claude  Bernard,  that  they,  themselves,  pass  away  with  empty 
hands),— do  we  not  feel  justified  in  looking  askance  at  a  mode 
of  "  research  "  fraught  with  a  thousand  times  the  horrors  of  the 
Calvinistic  hell? 

When  we  look  further,  and  find  the  mortality  statistics  in  no 
wise  bear  out  the  grandiloquent  assertion  that  Vivisection  has 
greatly  reduced  the  percentage  of  deaths  from  certain  promin- 
ent diseases  during  the  past  twenty-five  years,—  when  we  find 
such  assertions  absolutely  erroneous,  as  is  again  the  case,— -is  it 
not  time  to  ask  wherein  Vivisection  has  proved  this  inestimable 
blessing  to  humanity  we  are  so  glibly  told  is  the  case?  And  I 
fortify  this  statement  by  a  quotation  from  Dr.  Leffingwell's  very 
able  article  on  Vivisection  in  LippincotVs  Magazine  for  August, 
1884.    Dr.  Leffiugwell  says:— 

"  If  scientific  evidence  is  worth  anything,  it  points  to  the  appalling  con- 
clusion that,  notwithstanding  all  the  researches  of  physiology  [Vivisection!, 
the  chief  forms  of  chronic  disease  exhibit  to-day  in  England  a  greater  fatal- 
ity than  thirty  years  ago. " 


II 


27 

Then  follows  an  authentic  table,  the  figures  of  which  show  the 
"average  annual  rate  of  mortality  in  England,  from  causes  of 
death,  per  one  million  inhabitants."  This  table  begins  with  A. 
D.  1850,  and  ends  with  A.  D.  1879. 

Dr.  Leflingwell  most  logically  adds  : 

'•  What  are  the  facts  here  discernible  of  Bernard's  experiments  upon  dia- 
betes? Of  Brown-Sequard's  upon  epilepsy  and  paralysis?  Of  Flint's  and 
Pavy's  on  the  liver?  Of  Terrier's  researches  upon  the  funciions  of  the 
brain?"  [It  may  be  observed  that  one  of  a  recent  writer's  claims  of  the  very- 
valuable  results  arrived  at  through  Vivisection  (I  refer  to  a  writer  1  liad  in 
mind  at  the  beginning  of  this  article)  are  in  this  latter  field.]  "  Let  us  ap- 
peal from  the  heated  enthusiasm  of  the  experimenter  [or,  in  the  above  in- 
stance, that  of  the  essayist]  to  the  stern  facts  of  the  statistician.  Why,  so 
far  from  having  obtained  the  least  mastery  over  those  malignant  forces 
which  seem  forever  to  elude  and  baffle  our  art,  they  are  actually  gaining  up- 
on us;  every  one  of  these  forms  of  disease  [diseases  which,  although  com- 
paratively tew  in  number,  cause  annually  about  one-half  of  all  the  deaths 
in  England],  is  more  fatal  to-day  in  England  than  thirty  years  ago." 

Here  I  will  end  my  present  quotations  from  Dr.  Lelfingwell. 
Let  me  now  approach  the  subject  more  closely  —  let  me  exam- 
ine critically  the  armor  with  which  its  defenders  have  panoplied 
themselves.  Strange  to  relate,  I  do  not  feel  abashed  in  the 
immediate  presence  of  these  "plumed  knights,"  nor  loth  to 
measure  swords  with  them.  Can  this  be  because  I  have  seen  so 
many  bright  vivisectional  banners  trailed  in  the  dust  —  so  many 
a  blade  snapped  in  twain  that  claimed  to  be  of  true  Damascus 
steel?  Perhaps  !  And,  perhaps,  too,  because  I  know  I  speak 
the  truth  when  I  say  Vivisection  has  been  a  curse  to  man  and 
brute  alike  ;  it  has  caused  an  infinity  of  agony,  the  magnitude 
of  which  the  greatest  vivisectors  admit  is,  like  time 
and  space,  practically  boundless  ;  it  has  created  and  fostered  the 
'Must  for  blood  "  which  all  deep  students  of  the  human  mind 
know  is  not  chimera  (our  critics' views  to  the  contrary,  notwith- 
standing) ;  it  has  greatly  retarded  true  medical  and  surgical 
progress  ;  and  here  I  pause  in  my  argument  to  advance  more 
distinctly  upon  my  adversaries.  Even  Achilles  was  vulnerable 
in  the  heel  ;  hence,  let  me  not  wholly  despair  of  success.  Here, 
then,  I  will  test  the  value  of  their  defences.  The  following 
words  1  quote,  verbatim,  from  a  recent  article  previously  referred 

to  : 

"All  that  is  known  of  medicine  and  surgery  to-day  is  the  direct  result  of 
experimentation." 

Concerning  the  above  statement,  the  writer  thereof  utterly 
misapprehends  the  truth  (unwittingly,  I  believe).  Not  only  is 
this  statement  incorrect,  but  almost  the  exact  opposite  is  the  fact. 
Not  one  discovery  of  great  value  has  been  made  through  Vivi- 
section, in  the  domains  either  of  Medicine  or  Surgery.  This 
proposition  can  be  supported  by  the  highest  expert  testimony — 
much  from  the  vivisectors  themselves.  Let  us  see  if  there  is 
not  what  a  physiologist  might  term  a  "suture"  in  my  antagon- 
ists' armor  just  here;  and,  mark  you,  a  wound  given  just  here 
would  be  unpleasantly  near  the  heart ;  for,  if  neither  Medicine 


28 


nor  Surgery  has  profited  through  Vivisection,  what  ground  can 
be  left  as  a  foothold  for  its  defenders  to  stand  upon?  Let  us  now 
consult  the  best  authorities,  and  then  my  readers  will  be  enabled 
to  fairly  judge  between  my  opponents  and  myself  upon  this  all- 
important  point.     First,  medicine. 

Listen  to  the  opinion  of  Dr.  Albert  Leffingwell,  whose  articles 
on  Vivisection,  published  in  Scrihner^s  Monthly  and  LippmcoWs 
Magazine^  commanded,  at  once,  world-wide  attention  and  re- 
spect.    He  says  : 

"  Now  I  venture  to  assert  that,  during  the  last  quarter  of  a  century,  inflic- 
tion of  intense  torture  upon  unknown  myriads  of  sentient,  living  creatures 
has  not  resulted  in  the  discovery  of  a  single  remedy  of  acknowledged  and 
generally  accepted  value  in  the  cure  of  disease.  This  is  not  known  to  the 
general  public,  but  it  is  a  fact  essential  to  any  just  decision  regarding  the 
expediency  of  unrestrained  liberty  of  Vivisection." 

And  again  Dr.  Leffingwell  says  : 

"I  confess  that,  until  recently,  I  shared  the  common  impression  regarding 
the  utility  of  Vivisection  in  therapeutics  [medicine].  It  is  a  belief  still  wide- 
ly prevalent  in  the  medical  profession.  Xevertheless,  is  it  not  a  mistake? 
The  therapeutical  results  of  nearly  half  a  cent  iry  [he  might  have  as  truly 
said,  of  all  past  time]  of  painful  experiments— we  seek  them  in  vain." 

And  yet,  again,  he  says  :  * 

"  Has  physiological  experimentation  [Vivisection]  during  the  last  quarter 
of  a  century  contributed  such  marked  improvements  in  therapeutic  methods 
tiiat  we  find  certain  and  tangible  evidence  tliereof  in  the  diminishing  fatality 
ot  any  disease?  Can  one  mention  a  single  malady  which  thirty  years  ago 
resisted  every  remedial  effort  to  which  the  more  enlightened  science  of  to- 
day can  otfer  hox^es  of  recovery?  These  seem  to  me  perfectly  legitimate  and 
fair  questions,  and,  unfortunately,  in  one  respect,  capable  of  a  scientific  re- 
ply. I  suppose  the  opinion  of  the  late  Claude  Bernard,  of  Paris,  would  be 
generally  accepted  as  that  of  the  highest  scientific  authority  on  tlie  utility 
of  Vivisection  in  'practical  medicine ;'  but  he  tells  us  it  is  hardly  wortli  while 
to  make  the  inquiry.  'AViihout  doubt,'  he  confessed,  *our  hands  are  empty 
to-day,  although  our  mouths  are  full  of  legitimate  promises  for  the  future.'  " 

This  would  seem  pretty  conclusive,  but  let  us  look  still  further. 

•'  Experiments  on  animals,"  says  Dr.  Thorowgood,  in  the  Medical  Times 
and  Gazette,  October  5,  1872,  "already  extensive  and  numerous,  cannot  be 
said  to  have  advanced  therapeutics  much." 

What  says  Sir  William  Ferguson,  surgeon  to  the  Queen,  re- 
garding those  marvelous  gains  to  surgery  which  a  writer,  pre- 
viously referred  to  in  this  article,  believes  to  have  been  made 
through  Vivisection? 

"  In  surgery,"  says  Sir  William  Ferguson,  "I  am  not  aware  of  any  of  these 
experiments  on  the  lower  animals  having  led  to  the  mitigation  of  pain,  or  to 
improvement  as  regards  surgical  details."  [Reply  to  question  1049,  in  evi- 
dence given  before  the  Royal  Commission .] 

What  say  my  readers,  was  this  writer  correct  in  claiming  that 
all  of  value  in  Medicine  and  Surgery  has  been  gained  through  Viv- 
isection, ov  have  I  proved  the  contrary  to  be  the  case?  And  yet, 
more  expert  testimony. 

Says  that  most  eminent  physician.  Dr.  Edward  Berdoe,  of  Eng- 
land, after  enumerating,  at  great  length,  many  of  the  most 
atrociously  painful  experiments  of  viviseetors  : 

"But,  thougli  you  will  [then]  have  been  enabled  to  write  numberlesa 
papers  for  scientific  societies,  and  perhaps  have  won  medals,  scholarships, 
prizes,  or   even   a  Fellowship  of    the   Royal  Society— the   plain,   unvar- 


29 


nished  fact  is,  that  you  have  not  advanced  the  practice  of  medicine  or  surg- 
ery by  a  single  step!  You  have  not  learned  the  cure  for  a  single  malady . 
which  afflicts  the  human  body.  You  have  not  reduced  the  length  of  time 
which  a  patient  languishes  in,  say,  typhoid  fever,  scarletina,  or  small-pox, 
by  a  single  day.  You  have  not  learned  how  to  cure  gout,  jaundice,  cancer, 
or  sciatica.  We  can  do  no  more  for  these  ailments  than  we  could  before 
your  experiments  were  begun."— [Edward  Berdoe,  M.R.C.S.  (Eng.),  L.R.C.P. 
(Edin.),  in  "The  Healing  Art  and  the  Claims  of  Vivisection." 

A  writer,  in  a  recent  article  in  favor  of  Vivisection,  speaks  of 
Professor  Lawson  Tait,  F.R.C.S.,  LL.D.,  as  an  authority  who 
has  been  entirely,  or  almost  entirely,  superseded  during  the  last 
eight  or  nine  years  by  the  wonderful  strides  made  (by  viviseet- 
ors) in  the  domains  of  Surgery  and  Medicine,  through  Vivisec- 
tion; just  how  wonderful  these  alleged  strides,  through  Vivisec- 
tion, have  really  been,  I  have  shown  my  readers,  at  *ome  consid- 
erable  length.     This  essayist  speaks  *^of  Professor  Tait  as  an 
'^eminent    but   somewhat '  irregular    surgeon.'*      Wherein   this 
alleged  irregularity  consists,   I  am  unaware,  although  perhaps 
based  upon  some  technicality;  in  one  way  he  is  extremely  "irreg- 
ular," viz. :  in  that  he  has  become  undoubtedly  the  world's  greatest 
ovariotomist,  without  finding  it  incumbent  upon  him  to  vivisect 
whole  hecatombs  of  animals.     I  am  certain  that  this  critic  has 
been  misled  in  concluding  Professor  Lawson  Tait  is  a  "back 
number,"  and  that  he  has  been  superseded,  as  an  authority,  by 
practical  physiologists  during  the  past  few  years.     If  such  be  the 
fact,  it  is  indeed  remarkable  that  such  a  suggestion  has  not,  even 
ever  so  remotely,  reached  my  ears  until  I  read  this  critic's  opin- 
ion; and  I  am  in  a  position  to  know,  were  such  the  case.    The 
fact  is,  I  believe,  that  Professor  Lawson  Tait's  famous  brochure 
(the  title  of  which,  by  the  way,  is  mis-stated  by  this  essayist,  ac- 
cording  to  a  copy  of  the  pamphlet  now  before  me)  is,  in  the 
main,  simply  unanswerable. 

Did  space  permit,  nothing  would  please  me  better  than  to  take 
up,  one  by  one,  the  claims  for  Vivisection  put  forth  by  our  critics; 
as  it  is,  I  must  content  myself  with  an  examination  of  the  more 
important  ones.  Let  me  point  out  one  most  glaring  misappre- 
hension regarding  Professor  Lawson  Tait.  It  has  been  made  to 
appear  that  Tait's  great  success  in  the  department  of  abdominal 
surgery  was  achieved  through  his  building  upon  the  results  ar- 
rived at  by  the  more  recent  vivisections  of  physiologists.  Let  us 
first  hear  what  says  one  who  writes  of  Tait,  and  then  read  what 
Tait  states  regarding  the  sources  from  which  he  derived  his  prac- 
tical knowledge  of  this  subject.     Says  Tait's  critic:  — 

"Not  until  Spencer  Wells,  of  England,  and  Keith,  of  Scotland,  by  number- 
less vivisections,  found  a  way  to  do  it  (referring  to  a  branch  of  abdominal 
surgery),  was  it  but  rarely  successful.  They  reduced  the  mortality  to  about 
twelve  per  cent.  Following  came  others  who  made  improvements  by  ex- 
periments and  vivisection,  until,  finally,  Tait  of  Birmingham,  England,  was 
able  to  show  a  record  of  over  one  hundred  and  thirty  laparotomies  without 
a  single  death." 

Kow  listen  to  Prof.  Tait,  himself: — 

"As  soon  as  Keith's  results  were  established  (probably  not  in  the  remotes^t 
degree  through  the  vivisections  his  critic  credits  him  with  performing),  ab- 
dominal surgery  advanced  so  rapidly  that  now, only  six  years  after,  there  is 


30 

not  a  single  organ  in  the  abdomen  which  has  not  had  numerous  operations 
performed  upon  it  successfully.  I  have  had,  as  is  well  known,  some  share  in 
this  advance,  and  I  say,  without  hesitation,  that  I  have  been  led  astray, 
again  and  again,  by  the  published  results  of  experiments  on  animals,  and  I 
have  had  to  discard  them  entirely." 

Comment  upon  these  two  opposing  statements  —  the  first  by  a 
party  regarding  Tait,  the  second  by  Tait  regarding  himself,— 
would  appear  superfluous,  for  "  he  who  runs  may  read." 

Speaking  of  wonderful  (alleged)  advances  made  through  Yivi- 

sectiou  in  the  locating  of  cerebral  tumors,  etc.,  a  correspondent 

uses  the  following  extravagant  language,  referring  to  ''a  great 

map  of  the  brain"  (which  *' map,"  it  is  superfluous  to  add,  he 

believes  to  have  been  made  possible  through  Vivisection,  alone): 

"Until  he  [Horsleyl  had,  by  following  Ferrier's  footsteps,  perfected  his 
great  map  of  the  brain  [!!],  by  which  to-day  all  cerebral  tumors  and  lesions 
are  located  [!!]— until  Horsley's  triumph  [?]  it  was  impossible,  but  now  even 
the  smallest  tumor  or  lesion  may  be  located  exactly,  and  removed,  with  a 

possibility  of  restoring  the  sufferer  to  health,  and  his  faculties  again 

Audit  is  confidently  expected  that,  in  a  few  years,  many  cases  of  epilepsy 
and  insanity  will  be  swiftly  curable  by  surgery,— the  diseased  part  cut  away 
and  health  restored." 

Now,  anyone  not  the  veriest  tyro  in  his  knowledge  of  the  sub- 
ject must,  it  would  seem,  know  such  statements  as  the  foregoing 
are  but  the  offspring  of  the  wildest  imagination.  According  to 
one  critic's  ideas,  all  a  patient  afflicted  with  a  cerebral  tumor  need 
do  is  to  consult  one  of  these  "wise  men  of  the  West,"  who,  re- 
ferring to  this  (non-existent)  ''  great  map  of  the  brain,"  instant- 
ly and  unerringly  puts  his  flnger  (so  to  speak)  upon  the  precise 
spot  on  this  wonderful  "  map  "  indicated  by  his  diagnosis  of  the 
patient's  case.  It  is  difficult  to  understand  how  anyone,  with 
more  than  the  merest  smattering  of  knowledge  concerning  this 
matter,  can  seriously  make  such  a  statement  as  the  above.°  Are 
not  the  vivisectors,  themselves,  at  bitter  odds  regarding  this 
very  subject?  Setting  aside  the  well-known  fact  that  experi- 
ments upon  the  brains  of  animals  are  of  little  or  no  value,  so  far 
as  human  beings  are  concerned,  do  we  not  find  the  leading  vivi- 
sectors in  this  field  of  "  research  "  extremely  distrustful  of  the 
value  of  one  another's  conclusions  reached  through  the  vivisec- 
tion of  animals?  Are  not  the  tabulated  results,  as  published  by 
these  craftsmen,  generally  so  contradictory  as  to  be  of  no  prac- 
tical value,  even  as  barren  physiological  facts?  In  support  of 
my  assertions  I  invite  the  reader  to  peruse  the  writings  of 
Flourens,  Goltz,  and  Terrier  —  three  of  the  most  prominent 
authorities  on  this  subject.  They  might,  indeed,  be  termed  The 
Trinity  in  this  department.  Each  has  sacrificed  hecatombs  of 
animals  on  his  own  particular  altar,  and  with  what  beneficial  re- 
sults, as  far  as  brain-surgery  is  concerned?  I  answer,  unhesitat- 
ingly, none!  They  have  been  able,  by  performing  certain  excru- 
ciatingly painful  mutilations  upon  the  wretched  animals  in  their 
power  to  make  them  perform  certain  peculiar  movements,  one 
of  which  was  described,  with  a  revolting  attempt  at  wit,  as  like 
the  antics  of  a  "  jack-pudding  "  (or  clown). 

But  that  these  multitudes'of  barbarous  mutilations  have  ad- 


31 


vanced  human  brain-surgery,  by  one  jot  or  tittle,  is  too  absurd 
to  merit  serious  refutation,  as  the  history  of  brain-surgery  abun- 
dantly proves.  Indeed,  who  could  for  one  instant  imagine  that 
these  experimentis  of  vivisectors  upon  the  brains  of  living  ani- 
mals —  experiments  which  have  but  served  to  immesh  the  experi- 
menters in  a  web  of  inextricable  difficulties  and  countless  con- 
tradictious among  themselves  —  have  been  of  the  least  value  in 
advancing  human  brain- surgery?  The  claim  is  utterly  preposter- 
ous, and  in  no  wise  borne  out  by  facts.  If  it  be  so,  is  it  not 
passing  strange  that  men  so  eminent  m  their  professions  as  Dr. 
Edward  Berdoe  and  Professor  Lawson  Tait  appear  quite  un- 
aware of  it?  The  fact  is,  the  great  "  brain-map,"  so  glowingly 
referred  to  by  the  critic,  exists  but  in  his  too  vivid  imagination. 

But  I  must  hasten  to  the  close  of  this  already  long  paper,  for 
one  or  two  points  more  I  wish  to  touch  upon,  briefly.  First, 
regarding  the  English  Restrictive  Act,  referred  to  by  a  gentle- 
man as  '^  the  foolish  law  passed  by  a  weak  parliament  to  appease 
the  clamor  of  the  sentimental  anti-vivisectionists."  I  contend 
that  the  above  gives  a  most  unfair  and  erroneous  view  of  the 
case.  The  bill,  as  originally  "drafted,"  was  a  masterly  one,  and 
had  it  become  a  law  in  its  first  form,  would  have  proved  a  pow- 
erful bar  to  the  practice  of  Vivisection  in  Great  Britain;  unfor- 
tunatel}',  however,  both  for  the  advancement  of  true  science 
and  for  the  cause  of  Humanity,  it  was  so  mutilated  by  its  oppo- 
nents before  becoming  a  law,  that  it  is  but  the  shadow  of  what 
its  framers  intended  it  to  be;  however,  it  is  the  "  entering 
wedge,"  and,  as  such,  its  value  is  very  great.  It  was  not  drawn 
and  put  forward,  as  one  critic  believes,  by  "  sentim>  ntal  anti- 
vivisectionists;"  on  the  contrary,  its  backers  were  persons  of 
acknowledged  intellect,  who  commanded,  and  still  command,  the 
respect  of  the  British  nation. 

One  last  word,  and  I  am  done.  Of  the  success  of  Dr.  Robert 
Koch's  inoculations  for  tuberculosis,  one  may  well  entertain  the 
gravest  doubts;  even  were  all  else  clear  (which  is  very  far  from 
being  the  case),  it  is  in  the  highest  degree  uncertain  whether  the 
bacilli  produce  the  disease,  or  the  disease  the  bacilli;  at  present 
it  looks  as  if  Koch's  cure  for  tuberculosis  would  ultimately  grace- 
fully retire  from  public  scrutiny  to  the  "Home  for  (physiologi- 
cal) Aged  Couple$i,"  in  company  with  its  French  congener,  Pas- 
teur's hydrophobia  cure. 

And  now  I  have  finished.  If  I  have,  happily,  succeeded  in 
placing  our  critics,  to  some  extent,  horn  de  combat^  and  in  no 
enviable  light  in  my  readers'  minds,  the  fault  is  their  own, —  not 
mine. 

In  all  I  have  said  I  credit  each  with  being  honest,  but  appar- 
ently ignorant  of  this  subject,  and  hence  their  cause  was  essen- 
tially weak.  Handicapped  by  such  tremendous  odds  as  these, 
men  of  greater  talent  than  they  must  have  failed.  Theirs  is  a 
*'  house  builded  upon  the  sands;  "  to  the  unpractised  eye  it  might 
look,  perhaps,  a  substantial  structure;  and  it  was,  for  this  very 


32 

reason,  in  the  highest  degree  necessary  that  someone  with  that 
practical  knowledge  of  the  subject  not  possessed  by  the  ay- 
public  at  large  should  point  out  clearly  to  them  the  absolu  e 
unsoundness  of  such  apparently  plausible  argument.  This,  to 
the  best  of  my  humble  ability,  I  have  endeavored  to  do. 

Vivisection  is  the  blackest  crime  that  the  law  of  any  land  ever 
let  -o  unpunished.     The  agony  it  inflicts  upon  helpless  animals 
is  so  appalling  that  the  knowledge  of  its  atrocity  has  darkened 
forever  with  its  hideous,  leprous  shadow,  the  sunshine  of  many 
a  generous  and  noble  heart.     It  has  destroyed,  in  "J^ny  a  breas 
the  belief  in  the  existence  of  a  just  and  loving  God.     It  h^S  /<;>^ 
more  than  one  lofty  spirit,  turned  to  gall  and  wormwood  the 
sparkling  wine  in  Life's  glowing  chalice.     It  has  aroused  in  many 
a  manly  and  many   a   womanly  breast    a   storm  of   righteous 
indi-nation  :    and    it   has    evoked    many  a   stern    resolve    to 
combat  the   hideous  phantom    while    life    and    strength    re- 
main.   Many  have  turned  from   its  Gorgon  head  with   speech- 
less   horror,  lest,  like  Medusa's  potent  -aze,    it    too,    might 
freeze    the    palsied  wretch,    who    looked     on    it,    to     stone. 
All    honor    be    to    the     handful     of     gallant    hearts    (among 
whom  I  in  nowise  presume  to    rank  myself,) -;;  sentimental 
anti-vivisectionists,"  one    calls     them- who   ^^vith    dauntless 
coura-e,  dare  to  face  this  hideous  -  Dweller  of    l^ejihreshold, 
and  gSz^,  unblanched,  into  those  dreadful  eyes  !    For  tha    m^an 
and   woman   of    exalted  imagination  and  tender  heart,  who  le- 
nounces  sunshine,  happiness,  and,  alas  1  too  often,  peace  to  en  mil 
themselves  beneath  the  spotless  ensign  of  our  Cause,- to  fight 
shoulder  to  shoulder,  through  weary,  thankless  years,  for  the 
dumb  and  the  defenceless, -for  them  be  the  reverent,  unspoken 
homage  that  the  heart  of  their  kind  has  ever  paid  to  virtue,  since 
Socrates   drained    the    hemlock-bowl   ere  set  of    sun  !      Such 
language  as  that  employed  by  one  apologist  for  Vivisection  cannot 
assail  tliem.     Like  the  turbulent  little  stream  that  hurls  itself 
acrainst  the  granite  base  of   some  great  A  p,  have    through  all 
past  time,  the  opponents  of  the  philanthropist  and  the  reformer 
of  every  field,  wasted  their  strength  in  the  vain  attempt  to  outwit 
eternalJustice  ;  (or,  as  in  certain  instances,  to  strive    through 
ignorance,  to  accomplish  what  others  attempt  throu-h  wicked- 
ness and  malice.)     But  the  heart  of  man  is  "ot  wholly  bad   and 
the  -reat  Alp  of  Justice  will  still  rear,  as  now,  its  spotless  ciest 
above  the  sea  of   leaden  clouds,  to  greet  the  fast-approaching 
dawn,  when  the  little  turbulent  stream  which  frets  against  its 
<rranite  foot,  today,  shall  for  centuries  have  been  dried  up  within 
its  shallow  bed,  and  '^  the  place  which  knew  it  once  shall  know 
it  no  more,"  forever  !  ELLIOTT  PRESTON, 

Honorary  Member  of  ''  The  Victoria  St  Society  far  the  ProUction 
of  Animals  from  Vivisection,^'  London  ;  Life  Member  of  The 
Great  German  League  Against  the  Scientific  Torture  of 
Animals^'  Dresden  ;  Member  of  111.  Branch  Am.  Anti.-^  lui. 
Sec.i  etc.,  etc. 


33 


I 


\ 


I 


A  DISASTROUS   FIRE. 


The  burning  of  the  fifth  —  10,000  —  edition  of  **Vivi- 
section  and  The  Drug  Delusion"  necessitated  this 

"  APPEAL  FOR  FUNDS 

to  issue  another  similar  edition.  Mr.  Philip  G.  Peabody 
is  strongly  of  the  opinion  that  this  tract  ought,  by  all 
means,  to  be  re-issued,  and  if  two  or  three  more  Pea- 
bodys  can  be  induced  to  send  us  a  check  for  two  or 
three  hundred  dollars  each,  it  can  and  will  be  done. 

"SMALIi  CONTRIBUTIONS  SOLICITED. 

**Our  League's  misfortune  has  redoubled  Mr.  Peabody's 
interest  and  efforts  in  behalf  of  our  League  and  its 
unselfish  labors.  To  encourage  small  contributions  and 
ensure  the  reprint  of  what  he  evidently  considers  a 
valuable  contribution  to  reform  literature,  he  has  most 
crenerously  volunteered  to  duplicate  all  contributions 
ranging  between  five  and  twenty-five  dollars,  so  that 

"EVERY  DOLLAR  EQUALS  TWO. 

**To  keep  as  near  even  with  him  as  our  already  over- 
taxed purse  will  permit,  we  have  undertaken  to  dupli- 
cate all  contributions  under  five  dollars.'* 

THESE  PROPOSITIONS 

encouraged  the  League  to  proceed  forthwith  to  reprint 
a  sixth  and  this  seventh  —  lO.ooo  —  edition,  but  we 

STILL  NEED  MONEY 

to  make  good  our  loss.     How  much  will  you  donate? 

Hopefully  and  faithfully  yours, 
THE  NATIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  LIBERTY  LEAGUE, 


)^.    ULvfv^   Scott,  h^\. 


Boston,  Mass.,  New  Year,  1893. 


34 


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Lake,  Rev.  C.  S.  Frost,  and  Dr.  H.  S.  Bowker,  against  Medical  Legislation  in 
Massachusetts.    24  pages,  paper  cover.    Price  10  cents. 

20.  A  va^t  amount  of  valuable  arguments,  experiences  and  evidence  has  just 
been  added  to  the  above,  from  distinguished  citizens  of  all  countries  and  from 
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^^Think  of  aU  of  these  for  only  One  Dollar  I 

P.  S. —  Supplied  in  quantities  or  to  Legislatures  at  reduced  rates, 
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34 


MEDICAL  LIBERTY  LITERATURE. 


DOCUMENTS  WORTHY  TO  BE  STUDIED  BY  STATESMEN,   AND  GRATUITOUSLY  DIS- 
TRIBUTED BY  PATRIOTS  AND  PHILANTHROPISTS  EVERYWHERE. 

TiiK  National  Lkague.  at  a  cost  of  thousands  of  dollars,  lias  ransacked 
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Lake.  Rev.  C  S.  Fiosi,  and  Dr.  H.  S.  IJowker,  against  Medical  Legi.slation  in 
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Aildress 

THE  NATIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  LIBERTY  LEAGUE, 


ALLOPATHIC  CZAR  PARTIES 


Humanitarian  and  Historical. 


When  Dr.  R.  C.  Flower,  of  Boston,  read  our  editorial  denunciation  in  The 
Medical  Liberator,  Des  Moines,  of  the  shameful  arrest  and  conviction  of 
Lotta  Eddy  Post,  Dubuque,  Iowa,  on  the  charge  of  "performing  the  act 
of  healing  contrary  to  the  statutes"  he  immediately  telegraphed  us,  as  Sec- 
retary of  the  Iowa  Medical  Liberty  League:  "Employ  ablest  counsel; 
defend  her  at  any  cost  in  any  court,  and  draw  on  me  for  necessary  funds. 

We  did  so. 

A  just  judge  dismissed  her  case,  sharply  criticising  the  medical  law 
which  fined  the  defendent  for  • 'performing  the  act  of  healing."  Curing 
the  sick  was  not  a  crime,  even  though  inhibited  by  law,  and  healers  were 
not  criminals  in  his  opinion. 

Later,  Dr.  Flower,  at  great  personal  and  pecuniary  sacrifice,  left  a 
lucrative  practice,  and,  at  his  own  expense,  engaged  the  largest  opera  houses 
in  four  principal  Iowa  cities,  and  delivered  a  most  eloquent,  witty  and  ef- 
fective lecture  in  behalf  of  medical  liberty,  appropriately  characterizing 

Mrs.  Post  3  persecutors  as  "Allopathic  Czars."  The  Des  Moines  Daily 
Register,  The  Daily  News,  and  the  principal  society  paper,  reported  his  lec- 
ture, entitled  "Allopathic  Czaks,"  in  full.  The  leading  dailies  and  week- 
lies where  he  spoke  quoted  extensively  and  editorially  endorsed  the  lecture. 
It  produced  a  profound  impression. 

His  wit  and  eloquence  captivated  his  audiences,  and  they  accepted  V. 
truth  he  told  them  with  great  alacrity. 

The  doctor's  admirable  admixture  of  pathos,  humor  and  truth  renders 
"Allopathic  Czars"  so  intensely  interesting  that  the  citizens  of  entire  west- 
ern commtuiities  have  read  a  single  copy  in  turn. 

A  jolly  and  long-to-be-remembered  evening's  entertainment  for  a  mixed 
company  consists  of  the  rendering  of  this  uproarously  serio-comic  lecture 
by  a  good  reader.    We  dare  say 

Allopathic  Czar  Parties 

will  prove  immensely  popular  east  and  west  this  coming  fall  and  winter, 
and  provoke  wholesome  thought  and  discussion  upon  a  vitally  important 
topic  in  many  localities. 

Unstinted  Praise  by  Press  and  People 

east  and  west  has  been  showered  upon  the  doctor's  devoted  head.  The  out- 
spoken editorial  endorsements  and  cordially  commendatory  private  letters, 
gratefully  acknowledging  the  inestimable  humane  service  of  "Allopathic 
Czars,"  would  fill  volumes  of  its  size. 

25  cts.  per  copy;  10  copies  $1 .00. 


VIVISECTION  IN  AMERICA. 

A  full  and  satisfactory  Reply  to  the  oft-repeated  Denials  that 

Vivisection  is  Practiced  in  America  to  the  frightful  extent 

it  is  admittedly  Practiced  in  Europe. 

By  Miss  Prances  Power  Cobbe  and 

Benjamin  Bryan,  of  England, 
with  a  Preface  by  Philip  G.  Peabody,  of  Boston, 

Containing  letters  and  views  of  some  of  the  world's  most  eminent  think- 
ers, including  the  late  HENRY  BERGH,  MME.  ADELINA  PATTI,  WILLIAM 
LLOYD  GARRISON,  REV.  PHILLIPS  BROOKS,  U.  S.  SENATORS  DAWES, 
BLAIR,  CHANDLER  and  DOLPH,  SIGNOR  SALVINI,  REV.  MORGAN  DIX. 
MR.  DENMAN  THOMPSON,  REV.  C.  A.  BARTOL,  DRS.  BERDOE  and 
BLACKWOOD,  "OUIDA,"  BARON  V.  WEBER,  MISS  FANNY  DAVENPORT, 
and  COL.  ROBERT  G.  INGERSOLL. 

About  thirty  thousand  copies  have  been  circulated  in  America  and  Eu- 
rope, and  incalculable  good  has  resulted. 

The  few  remaining  copies  of  this  remarkable  (fifty-foiir  page;  work  can 
be  obtained  at  25  cents  per  single  copy.  Six  for  f  1.00.    Twenty  for  $2.00. 

The  National  Constitutional  Liberty  League, 

Boston,  Mass. 


SPECIAL  TO  THE  INTERESTED. 

/s  not  ihe  wide-spread  distribution  of  this  truthful  tract  a 
splendid,  humane  and  life-saving  service? 

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